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991.
Carla Smith Stover Patricia Van Horn Alicia F. Lieberman 《Journal of family violence》2006,21(6):417-424
The play of young children has long been used clinically to understand children’s experiences and inner feelings. More recently,
children’s play has been examined quantitatively to understand differences due to varying backgrounds, family relationships,
etc. Forty preschool children (21 girls and 19 boys) aged 27 to 71 months from families with histories of domestic violence
were observed using a play interview, The MacArthur Story Stem Battery, to determine if severity of violence, frequency of
visitation with their previously violent fathers, and mother-child relationship functioning impacted how parents were represented
in play. Overall, girls represented their parents more positively regardless of other family circumstances. Boys, especially
those who did not visit regularly with their fathers, had negative representations of their mothers. Severity of violence
did not predict negative parental representations in the sample. 相似文献
992.
Patrick Van Calster 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2006,45(4-5):337-359
Studies of organized crime often seem to have focus almost exclusively on its functionality and rationality. Many researchers
tend to construct organized crime as an object, and then to find relations between ‘it’ and its environment. The focus then
is on organized crime as a goal-driven object. This view holds that success in crime depends on the roles and tasks people
assume. It equates success in crime with functional secrecy and obedience, and therefore with stability. Researchers are seldom
interested in everyday, informal elements and events such as coincidental encounters that may occur in everyday life, or personal
relationships which have no direct connection with criminal activities. Inspired by the work of Watts and Strogatz [84] and Stuart Kauffman [38, 39], this paper attempts to suggest a complementary perspective on organized crime. The focus here is on the messiness and unpredictability
of everyday relations and interactions. This paper illustrates the usefulness of this alternative perspective through a re-reading
of Howard Marks’ ego-document which was analysed earlier by Carlo Morselli in his work on network dynamics and criminal career
opportunities. 相似文献
993.
Impatience with politics, weariness with political commitment, and individualisation are labels frequently used to characterise the political involvement of young people. Empirical analyses show a rather more complex picture. A basic willingness to become politically involved and to express one’s political opinion is apparent: Indeed, many young people use numerous and varied opportunities to express themselves politically; however, this usually covers only occasional activities. Not surprisingly, participation in some traditional associations has become lower. On the other hand, affinity and commitment to new social movements remain fairly consistent. Participation patterns differ according to gender, education level, and the youth’s place of origin (federal states of the former Federal Republic, or former GDR). These are some of the key results of the follow-up youth surveys carried out by the German Youth Institute. If the comparison between eastern and western Germans is seen in a European perspective, the complex interconnections between the institutionalised political cultures of nations and the participation patterns of young people become apparent. In what kind of institutions and to what extent do young people between 16 and 29 years show political engagement in Germany? What kind of differences can be seen between the new and the old Federal states? Is it possible to identify typical trends of development? Do gender, educational level, value orientations or social background conditions such as unemployment play a role in this regard? In the following, we will endeavour to answer these questions on the basis of empirical research. For this reason, in the following tables and analyses we will particularly focus on the differences between East and West Germany and the temporal development of discrepancies. The question of how specific and changing social institutions influence human attitudes and behaviour can be analysed using the quasi-experiment of 40 years of German division as an example. However, additional aspects reveal themselves and new questions arise by comparing young people across the different European Member States. Hence, we will discuss this additional comparative perspective. 相似文献
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995.
The name grana is not generic and the existenceof the protected designation of origin (PDO) for the GranaPadano cheese precludes the registration of the trademark GRANA BIRAGHI for related products. 相似文献
996.
Marianne Wade Christopher Lewis Bruno Aubusson de Cavarlay 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2008,14(2-3):249-261
This article provides a brief overview of the ways in which prosecutors must engage with victims in the course of their work in criminal proceedings and what formal roles victims can assume in criminal proceedings. Besides exploring what rights victims have per se in criminal proceedings, analysis is provided as to what it means to be an additional prosecutor or a private prosecutor in several European criminal justice systems. A brief analysis of the effects these rights and the use of prosecutorial discretion has on victims is provided. 相似文献
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Rob Van Ginkel 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1995,24(3):223-239
In 1870, the Dutch state privatized several oyster banks in Zeeland waters. This measure brought about a rapid capitalization of the oyster industry. The Zeeland town of Yerseke soon became the national centre of oyster farming and trade. Initially, oyster farming was quite successful. Yerseke turned into an affluent country town which attracted hundreds of migrants. When by the mid-1880s serious problems assailed the oyster industry, a large number of people left the town, although newcomers were continually arriving. In the wake of these developments the community's social organization changed drastically and social control withered. Fights, drunkenness and theft were part and parcel of everday life. In the course of the 1890s, this social disorganization was checked by the civilizing missions of churches and the disciplining offensives of the local authorities and police. Perhaps even more important was the increasing social integration of the village community. The present article aims to uncover the dynamics and interrelations of these processes. 相似文献