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This study is based upon a data set on the capital sentencing process in Kentucky. Here, we examine the effect of Kentucky’s
“truth in sentencing” statute on murder cases. The evidence suggests that a sentence of life without possibility of parole
can serve as an alternative to capital sentencing that avoids racial discrimination.
This paper is based upon a report that was developed in response to Kentucky Senate Bill 8-Bias Related Crime Reporting passed by the 1992 Kentucky General Assembly. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Fonda Butler of the Kentucky
Justice Cabinet, Dale Helton of the Kentucky Department of Public Advocacy, Kathy Black-Dennis, Colleen E. Williams, and Bill
Clark of the Kentucky Department of Corrections, and James Oakes, Greg Bucholtz, and Jeanne M. Fenn, our graduate research
associates at the University of Louisville. 相似文献
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In a community-level analysis, this study examines violent crime hot spots and displacement patterns in the city of Louisville,
KY, from 1989 to 1998. Park DuValle, a neighborhood in Louisville, KY, was one of the major historic hot spots for assaults
until 1998. The revitalization of the two vulnerable low-income public housing developments in Park DuValle, combined with
the acquisition of nearby dilapidated and unattended private property by the Housing Authority of Louisville, caused a shift
in the clustering pattern of assaults at Park DuValle in the 1997 and 1998. Maps revealed that assaults were displaced from
the Park DuValle neighborhood to the Central Business District—the neighborhood where the majority of former residents of
the Park DuValle public housing units were relocated. Both Park DuValle and the Center Business District were associated with
low-income census blocks in Louisville, KY. These low-income public housing developments have exhibited a higher incidence
of aggravated assaults. The results are discussed in the context of the possible revitalization of low-income public housing
units. The study concludes that clustering and displacement of assault hot spots as well as emphasis on the decentralization
of low-income residents need to be addressed further. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the four-factor structure from a job satisfaction instrument. Dantzker’s job satisfaction instrument was designed to capture information on four factors: general administration, extras, job, and equipment. Using data from police officers that are middle management (n?=?136), we performed confirmatory factor analysis via structural equation modeling to validate that the four factors are actually capturing job satisfaction. The results of the study show that the four-factor solution fit the model satisfactorily. All of the factor loadings were large expect for one. The results suggest that the four-factor solution has proper validity to use with middle manager police officers. Post hoc simulation analyses (n?=?1000 replications) show that no bias in the factor loadings or standard errors was present in this analysis, and the study had sufficient statistical power. 相似文献
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Roberto Catanesi M.D. Vito Martino M.D. Chiara Candelli M.D. Ph.D. Giuseppe Troccoli M.D. Ignazio Grattagliano Psy.D. Giancarlo Di Vella M.D. Ph.D. Felice Carabellese M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(5):1388-1392
The aim of this study is to identify protective and risk factors related to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on a sample of survivors from a single plane crash. Eighteen survivors were examined 6 months following the event. The subjects all underwent psychiatric interviews, Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale structured interviews, personality and cognitive tests. Only 38.9% of them presented with all of the symptoms of PTSD; 22.2% showed no symptoms for PTSD; remaining survivors exhibited emotional/affective symptoms related to the event. In addition to the severity of the traumatic event itself, other risk factors identified were the loss of a relative, the manifestation of depressive symptoms, and the severity of physical injuries sustained. Low levels of hostility and high levels of self‐efficacy represented protective factors against developing PTSD. 相似文献
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This study re-examines the effect of race of the victim on the probability that an accused murderer is charged with a capital
crime and sentenced to death in Kentucky. It adds over five years of data to our original study. The results show that Blacks
accused of killing Whites had a higher than average probability of being charged with a capital crime (by the prosecutor)
and sentenced to die (by the jury) than other homicide offenders. This finding remains after taking into account the effects
of differences in the heinousness of the murder, prior criminal record, the personal relationship between the victim and the
offender, and the probability that the accused will not stand trial for a capital offense. Kentucky’s “guided discretion”
system of capital sentencing has failed to eliminate race as a factor in this process.
An earlier version of this article was presented at the “Variations in Capital Punishment” panel, Academy of Criminal Justice
Sciences, Chicago, IL. This paper is based upon a report that was developed in response to Kentucky Senate Bill 8 —Bias Related Crime Reporting passed by the 1992 Kentucky General Assembly. The authors wish to express their appreciation to the following persons who
assisted in the development of this report: Fonda Butler of the Kentucky Justice Cabinet, Dale Helton of the Kentucky Department
of Public Advocacy, Kathy Black-Dennis, Colleen E. Williams, and Bill Clark of the Kentucky Department of Corrections, and
James Oakes, Greg Bucholtz, and Jeanne M. Fenn, our graduate research associates at the University of Louisville. 相似文献
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Gennaro F. Vito George E. Higgins Anthony G. Vito 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2014,39(2):331-340
In 1998, Kentucky’s adopted the Racial Justice Act (RJA). The key sponsor of the law, Kentucky Senator Gerald Neal asserted that it was not a result of whether you were for or against the death penalty but “whether the death penalty should be subject to the same standards of nondiscrimination as any other institution in our state.” However, one noted negative effect of the RJA is that prosecutors have adopted policies to seek the death penalty in every eligible case, rather than making this decision on a case-by-case basis. This study examines the outcome of such policies in Jefferson County, Kentucky from 2000 to 2010. 相似文献
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Daniela De Vito 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(3):361-378
This paper discusses, within the context of analytical theory, some of the implications when rape is subsumed within the international crime of genocide and concludes that this type of enquiry is essential for creating a clearer framework to address and understand this violation. From the analysis undertaken, two critical questions become apparent: a) Does compatibility exist when rape is subsumed within the category of a group violation (genocide), if rape is constructed as a violation of an individual’s sexual autonomy? i b) Is the link between rape and genocide necessarily problematic within this notion of autonomy for the individual victim of rape? The process unfolds within an analytical theoretical approach that touches upon the current concept of human rights with its focus on the individual. Although the key element is the individual, the concept of human rights also creates a space, albeit limited and at times controversial, for the group. As such, this paper identifies some of the theoretical implications that emerge once rape is subsumed within the international crime of genocide, which is defined as a violation committed against particular groups. 相似文献