GC/MS、GC/NPD法检测血液中氯胺酮

目的利用GC/MS、GC/NPD与固相萃取（SPE）技术相结合,建立血液中氯胺酮的定性定量分析方法。方法选择4-苯基丁胺为内标,采用Bond-Elut Certify固相柱萃取、二氯甲烷：异丙醇：氨水（78∶20∶2,v/v/v）洗脱的固相萃取分离技术,比较不同pH体系、洗脱溶剂对回收率的影响,建立血液中氯胺酮的GC/MS、GC/NPD定性定量分析方法。结果以GC/NPD分析氯胺酮在6.0～5000ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,GC/MS-Scan定性检测限为20.0ng/mL。方法平均回收率达96.9%,标准偏差小于5%。结论此方法可满足氯胺酮毒品滥用者血液定性定量分析。     

Polymorphism of structural genes of human mitochondrial DNA for forensic medical personal identification

An experimental study is described, which deals with polymorphism of nucleotide sequences of three structural genes of mitochondrial genome, i.e. of the 3d, small 4th, and 6th subunits of the NADN dehydrogenase complex (ND3, ND4L and ND6) sampled from Russian population. The genetic primary structure was analyzed in 63 unrelated individuals. The investigated locuses were shown to possess a pronounced polymorphism. A total of 19 polymorphic positions were detected in the ND3, ND4L and ND6 gene region within the studied sampling. Besides, a possibility is demonstrated in the paper that the mtDNA structural genes can be used as additional identification markers in the forensic experimental typing of the mtDNA control region.     

Design of the automatic system of processing data on mitochondrial DNA "mDNAbase" sequestration for expert identification of the unidentified bodies under the conditions of mass reception of human remains

The authors consider utilization of software which provides indirect personality identification by establishment of biological kinship using a comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences (NS) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in unidentified bodies and suspected relatives of these victims. The software supports data bases with information on NS. To secure automatic search there are modes of cross-processing. Results of identification are formed as lists of exclusions and tables with calculated frequencies of mitotypes of identification objects as well as protocols of a comparative analysis of nucleotide position in mtDNA sequences under comparison. The proposed computer approach is a new highly effective tool for identification of personality based on data on mtDNA analysis in conditions of stream information processing under mass reception of unidentified bodies.     

Forensic evaluation of the results of chemical and toxicological analysis of blood alcohol level

According to printed research results, the endogenic level of ethanol in blood amounts to 0.001-0.3%, the physiological level amounts to 0.01-0.4% and the lethal level amounts to 3-17.6%. It was established experimentally that the absolute lethal level of ethanol in blood does not exceed 15%. Criteria of incidental contamination of analyzed blood sample with ethanol are described.     

Use of computer software for indirect molecular genetic identification of unidentified bodies

The authors discuss the development and use of computer software for realization of indirect DNA identification, based on identification of biological relation. Estimated algorithms of this method are based on regularities of parental signs inheritance by children and consist in comparative analysis of allele states of nuclear DNA typed locuses in unidentified bodies and probable parents of these dead subjects and subsequent estimation of the coefficients of the likelihood of hypotheses of their probable blood relationship. Available software maintain the database with identification characteristics of VNTR and STR locuses, HLA DQA1 locuses, and PM system (potential set of 23 locuses). The results of identification are presented as lists of exclusions and tables with estimated likelihood coefficients for the probability expert evaluation of relationship. The suggested computer-aided method of indirect identification is a new highly effective tool for personality identification by chromosome markers under conditions of mass information processing in examinations of unidentified corpses.     

城市社区与犯罪

城市化是国家工业发展的必然结果。它是文明的标志,但同时也带来严重的负面效应棗城市社区犯罪。本文界定了城市社区犯罪的概念,从城市社区人口与犯罪、城市社区环境与犯罪、城市社区文化与犯罪、城市社区组织结构与犯罪、城市社区社会控制与犯罪五个方面研究城市社区与犯罪的关系,以期为控制和预防城市社区犯罪提供帮助和建议。     

Principles in construction of mathematical model for neonatal corpse cooling studies

The process of cooling of the body of a dead human was studied with consideration for the anatomical characteristics of adult and newborn human corpses. The body was simulated as a homogeneous elongated rotation ellipsoid and mathematical model was developed as function of relationship between body temperature and time. After appropriate characteristics in the mathematical model were established, cooling processes and effects of various factors on this process were analyzed for the final ellipsoid. The model suggests the possibility of amendments for environmental temperature and body parameters.     

Evaluation of medical care quality in cases with health damage infliction leading to unfavorable outcomes

Discusses modern approaches to evaluation of the quality of medical care in cases when civil action is brought against medical people for inflicting damage to health leading to unfavorable outcomes. Emphasizes the need in developing a special organization model of medical care quality and efficacy control system, which should be based on universal principles, notions, and adequate tests and evaluations.