Myth or Reality? The Red Hand and French Covert Action in Federal Germany during the Algerian War, 1956–61

During the Algerian war of independence (1954–62), Federal Germany became the theatre of a series of unexplained bombings and shootings that targeted Algerian nationalists and German arms dealers. At the time, these crimes were attributed to the Red Hand, a counter-terrorist organization or parallel secret service with a mission to defeat the enemies of l’Algérie française. This article argues that the attacks on West German territory were executed neither by vigilantes nor by renegade agents. Instead, they were carried out by the French foreign intelligence service SDECE with the full approval of the highest political authorities in Paris. Using the case of Federal Germany as an example, this article seeks to reveal how and why covert action – including state-sanctioned murder – became an integral and important part of the Algerian war, particularly of France's campaign to undermine the Algerian rebels' efforts to procure military and non-military supplies. The article will show that the Red Hand served merely as a cover to detract from the state's resort to such violent and criminal means.     

Rechtliche Instrumente zur Lösung von Konflikten zwischen Artenschutz und wirtschaftlicher Nutzung natürlicher Ressourcen durch den Menschen am Beispiel Kormoranschutz und Teichwirtschaft

Was tun, wenn sich geschützte Tierarten so gut entwickeln, dass sie der Wirtschaft oder anderen Arten erhebliche Schäden zufügen können? Neben der Bestandsregulierung der betreffenden Art kommen insbesondere Ausgleichszahlungen an die Geschädigten in Betracht. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass die entsprechenden gesetzlichen Möglichkeiten aber die spezifischen Besonderheiten einzelner Arten nicht ausreichend berücksichtigen können und deshalb zu einer effektiven Konfliktlösung kaum geeignet sind. Inhaltlich knüpfen die nachfolgenden Ausführungen an einen Beitrag von Künkele (NuR 1988, 334) zum Rechtsschutz von Graureiher und Kormoran nach der alten Rechtslage an. *) Die Autorin ist Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH und beschäftigt sich schwerpunktmäßig mit Naturschutz- und Artenschutzrecht.     

Founding Principles of EU Law: A Theoretical and Doctrinal Sketch

The article discusses the roles of founding principles of the EU with the method of doctrinal constructivism, thereby explaining this specific approach to legal scholarship. At the same time it proves the usefulness of the constitutional approach to EU law. Core characteristics of the EU legal order should become more tangible.     

Strategic agricultural trade policy interdependence and the exchange rate: A game theoretic analysis

Strategic Agricultural Trade Policy Interdependence is modeled using a game theoretic framework. The model distinguishes between the European Community, the United States and a politically passive rest-of-the-world. Particular emphasis is placed on the effect of the exchange rate on the equilibrium outcome of this game. Without compensatory payments to those with the highest political influence, the results suggest that only modest reform is possible. With compensation, liberalization occurs but free trade is not obtained. Simulations also indicate that the U.S. gains incentive to reduce protection given a depreciation of the dollar, while incentive to liberalize trade policies decreases as the dollar appreciates. Research was supported by Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station project 14065 “Economic Integration and Disintegration in Europe: Implications for U.S. Agriculture.”     

Governments and International Civil Society inSustainable Development: A Framework

International civil society has emerged as a critical forcein sustainable development. This poses significant challenges tothe analysis of international relations. This paper suggests anumber of ways to think about the role of civl society actorsin international relations, focusing on market-based factors andnew institutional venues. Public/private partnerships andproduct regimes are identified as critical framwroks for theunderstanding of the prospects of achieving greater sustainability     

Recovery and identification of the victims of the Ehime Maru/USS Greeneville collision at sea

This paper describes the recovery and identification of crew members lost during a collision at sea. On 9 February 2001, south of Honolulu, Hawaii, the Japanese fishing training boat, Ehime Maru was struck by the USS Greeneville (SSN 772), a Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine. Witnesses estimate that the vessel sank within 5-10 min after the collision. Nine of the 35 crew members remained unaccounted for after rescue procedures were completed. The U.S. Navy attempted the unprecedented procedure of moving the boat from a depth of 610 m (2000 ft) into shallower waters so that the missing could be located and recovered. Eight of the nine crew members were recovered and identified by their dental records.