基础知识教育与大学的未来

“大学危机”的本质并不是社会对教育信任的缺失 ,而是社会无法接受的教育“全盘商业化”倾向。在整个高等教育学术界 ,“可持续发展”这一术语应被理解为“一种向前的发展模式 ,它能够满足当代人的生存需要 ,也不剥夺未来人类的这些机会”。高等教育中的自然科学教育安排应得到改进 ,但首先应该对高等教育的基础性进行详细分析     

法律与历史:黑白之间

澳大利亚法源于何处？根据传统的法律史学，澳大利亚法的源头可溯至１０６６年诺曼底征服前后的英格兰。〔１〕此后几个世纪中发展起来的英国法最终由英国殖民者传入澳大利亚，为逐渐长成、别有一格、独立于英国母法的澳大利亚法奠定了基础。这一描述设定澳大利亚法律史，...     

资本主义国家环境保护法的形成与发展

<正> 自二十世纪五十年代开始,协调人类社会与环境间的关系便成为现代生活中最为紧迫的社会问题。环境保护在资本主义国家显得尤为突出。资本主义经济的贪婪性和对自然资源的掠夺性、众多的城市崛起、交通线的延伸、新能源的开发以及各种化学剂的广泛使用等给环境的性状带来不良影响,因此达一问题越来越引起资本主义国家法学界的广泛重视。协调社会与环境间的相互关系的最初尝试要追溯到很久以前,当时甚至还没有"环境"     

俄国和日本:没有解决的领土纠纷

俄罗斯亲西方的领导人试图迅速解决与日本的领土纠纷。这一纠纷可追溯到1945年8月苏联红军占领了择捉、国后、色丹、齿舞四岛。1951年旧金山会议上,苏联声称该四岛是千岛群岛的一部分,应归苏联管辖,以此使占领四岛合法化。日本声称有争议的四个岛屿不是千岛群岛的一部分,根据1855年日俄签订的条约,这些岛屿历史上是日本领土的一部分。此外,由于日本不是旧金山宣言的签约国,该宣言对它没有约束力。然而,随着苏联的解体,领土问题出于两个原因成了俄外交政策的主要问题之一。     

The differential experience of Mozambican refugee women and men

This study examines differences in Mozambicans mens' and womens' experiences of living in refugee camps in Malawi late in 1990. The aim is to identify the differences in impact by gender in assistance policies and programs. In early 1991 there were an estimated 1 million Mozambican refugees in Malawi. This study is based on quantitative and qualitative data collection. The study sample included Chiumbangame and Mwawa in Mangochi District (refugee camps) and Ntcheu (settlements integrated with Malawi's population). Findings indicate that 17% of the 2006-person sample were female-headed households. Men in general had more years of schooling than women. 34% of the women and 47% of men completed at least 1 year of school and 10% of women and 24% of men completed 2 years. At all ages boys were more likely to be enrolled than girls. 4.1% of the 847 persons over 18 years old were receiving some training, but only 1 person had increased household income due to training. Refugee income was nil for women and about 20 cents/day for men. The mean daily income for individuals from female headed households was about half that of income from male headed households. Women were more likely to be working and spent more time in productive work than men. Women worked in household maintenance. Women in income programs gave housework chores to younger females in the household. The income programs were of low quality and products had low marketability. Girls helped with housework from an early age, while boys helped as teenagers. 44.2% of female headed households and 34.9% of members of male headed households reported health problems. This study identifies the ways in which refugee policy worsens gender inequalities in economic production and work burden.