比例原则与监听刍议--兼论监听立法之完善

监听是一种秘密侦查手段,在实践中已为侦查机关广泛采用,但迄今为止我国没有任何一部法律对之做出规制,导致司法实践中侵犯公民权利的现象时有发生,从而迫切需要立法予以完善.比例原则在西方许多国家和地区是其公法领域的一项基本原则,其基本价值所在就是保障人权、防止权力的滥用.因此,比例原则与监听有着天然的密切联系,她可以作为设计监听立法的指导原则和操作标准,以此防止国家侦查权的滥用和保护公民的基本人权.     

中国共产党廉政建设的历程与经验

廉政建设是防止权力异化的有效路径,也是中国共产党治国理政的重要任务。中国共产党廉政建设以马克思主义廉政思想为思想源泉、中国传统廉政文化为理论基因、全面从严治党为现实考量,有着深厚的理论积淀和现实基础。中国共产党廉政建设历经初步探索、曲折前行、恢复发展与全面深化四个阶段,综合个人德行、法治反腐、制度建设、廉政文化形成了四位一体的实现路径,为新时代党的廉政建设积累了重要经验。     

农民工职业素养与层级差异的产生

因为员工个人的职业素养关系到企业命运,所以,现在越来越多的企业在考察员工时,莫不以此做试金石.企业能够并且愿意做的,往往是以就业者个人职业素养的高低分配利益,安排岗位.这种情况下,那些具有比较高职业素养的农民,往往不仅更容易找到理想的雇用者,而且更容易获得比较"好"的工作岗位和个人收益.而那些个人职业素养偏低的农民,不仅难以找到想要的工作,而且难以找到想要的工作岗位.个人职业素养的差异,就这样最终导致农民工群体分道扬镳,出现层级差异.     

A Multi-mediation Model on the Relations of Bullying,Victimization, Identity,and Family with Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

This study investigated a multi-mediation model of the relationship between bullying behavior, peer victimization, personal identity, and family characteristics to adolescent depressive symptoms in 194 high school students, 12–18 years of age. In the first model, peer victimization mediated the relation between bullying behavior and depressive symptoms. In the second model, personal identity mediated the relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. In the final model, the two mediation models were combined. The relative influence of family characteristics on all variables in the two mediation models was studied using structural equation modeling. The results supported both mediation models and confirmed the influence of family characteristics on all variables in the mediation models. This study indicates that victimization by one’s peers has consequences for adolescents’ psychological health when their personal identity is affected. In addition, the study was able to model several processes in which family characteristics were related to adolescent depressive symptoms. Moreover, the final combined model (in which the two mediation models and the influence of family characteristics on all variables were confirmed) explained half of the variance in adolescent depressive symptoms.

Institutions and Caribbean Economic Performance: Insights from Jamaica

We explore the impact of social institutions on economic performance in Jamaica through a reinterpretation of the plantation economic model. In its original form, the plantation model fails to develop a causal link between the plantation legacy and persistent underdevelopment. Despite its marginalization, the model remains useful for discussions on growth and development. Consequently, we offer a reappraisal using the causal insights from Kenneth Sokoloff and Stanley Engerman. We use two examples to demonstrate how inequality encourages the formation of institutions that are inconsistent with growth, and an empirical analysis to confirm the hypothesized relationship between inequality, institutions, and economic development. Since inequality is expected to influence growth indirectly, we use a structural specification, which follows William Easterly’s recent test of Sokoloff and Engerman’s argument. Our reliance on a time-series specification is unique. We demonstrate that the expectation that, on average, inequality and growth is negatively related and that institutions may compromise growth are accurate for Jamaica, the most cited Caribbean nation in the current discourse. Our results carry several policy implications, including support for the recent calls in Jamaica for political restructuring. However, both the paucity of similar studies and the importance of the implications for sustainable growth and development demand further analyses.

The International Monetary Fund: A review of the recent evidence

A review of recent quantitative studies on the International Monetary Fund reveals that much of the conventional wisdom is incorrect. Recent studies have demonstrated a new degree of methodological rigor, have drawn more heavily upon insights from political science, and have asked a number of new questions. We review studies of participation in IMF programs, design of IMF conditionality, implementation and enforcement of IMF conditions, conventional program effects and catalytic effects. At every stage, we find substantial evidence of the influence of major IMF shareholders, of the Fund’s own organizational imperatives, and of domestic politics within borrowing countries. We conclude that very little is known with certainty about the effects of IMF lending, but that a great deal has been learned about the mechanics of IMF programs that will have to be taken into account in order to obtain unbiased estimates of those effects.

Trending economic factors and the structure of Congress in the growth of government, 1930–2002

We investigate the role of Congress in the growth of federal public expenditure since 1930, building on the work of Kau and Rubin (Public Choice, 113:389–402, 2002). The model incorporates majority party strength and the extent of party control of Congress in addition to the median ideological position of elected representatives. We first provide estimates of the relative importance of the state of Congress and of trending supply and demand-side economic factors in the evolution of federal spending. The resulting models are then used to simulate the consequences of the radical and historically unprecedented shift to the right of Congress in 1994/95.     

Debt,democratization, and development in Latin America: How policy can affect global warming

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis conjectures a nonlinear relationship between pollution and economic growth, such that pollution per capita initially increases as countries economically develop, but then reaches a maximum point before ultimately declining. Much of the EKC literature has focused on testing this basic hypothesis and, in studies that find evidence of an EKC, estimating the “turning point” level of development at which the per capita pollution‐growth relationship changes sign. This approach has not emphasized the policy relevance of specification issues or the potential role of policy variables. This research explores a modified EKC specification which conditions the pollution‐growth relationship on a country's level of debt and degree of democratization. These variables turn out to be significant, implying that different political and economic contexts can shift EKCs and their turning points. These findings suggest that policies to relieve debt burdens and institute political reform, in addition to their usual justifications, also could be used as a strategy to reduce carbon emissions from developing countries. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

不良书刊对青少年犯罪的影响及防范对策

青少年犯罪是一个复杂的社会现象,其中,不良书刊对青少年的侵蚀和毒害是造成青少年犯罪不可忽视的重要原因之一。由于青少年可塑性大、意志力薄弱,不良书刊不仅对青少年犯罪起诱发、教唆作甲,而且对青少年犯罪心理的最后形成起强化作用,必须采取积极有效措施,制止和根除不良书刊对青少年的影响。