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301.
Policing in China has undergone tremendous change during the economic transformation of the past three decades. This paper
describes the plural policing bodies that have existed during pre- and post-reform periods in China. In the pre-reform period
the policing bodies were generally public in nature with the public security police playing an important role in providing
professional guidance to the other policing bodies. In the post-reform period, there has been a transition from a monopoly
of public policing to an integration of public/private policing, with the public security police still playing a leading role
in the policing network. Apart from the emergence of private policing (the security service industry), there is also a trend
towards privatizing some previously public policing bodies in line with the movement toward strengthening the rule of law
and towards privatization in general. 相似文献
302.
Dennis Y. Wang Chien-Wei Chang Nicola J. Oldroyd Lori K. Hennessy 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):113-114
Forensic databasing laboratories routinely analyze blood or buccal cell samples deposited on FTA® paper. Prior to PCR amplification of the STRs, the FTA® samples must undergo multi-step sample purification protocols to remove the PCR inhibitors present within the sample and from the FTA® paper. The multi-step sample purification protocols are laborious, time-consuming and increase the potential for sample cross-contamination.To eliminate the need for DNA purification, we conducted studies to optimize the PCR buffer and thermal cycling parameters to allow for direct amplification of STRs from blood or buccal samples on FTA® paper. We evaluated the effect of various factors on the DNA profile including: FTA® disc size, blood sample load variation, and buffer formulation. The new STR assay enables the direct amplification of DNA from single source samples on FTA® discs without sample purification. The new STR assay improves the workflow by eliminating tedious steps and minimizing sample handling. Furthermore, the new STR assay reduces cost by eliminating the need for purification reagents and expensive robots. 相似文献
303.
A. Nagai M. Hara A. Kido A. Takada K. Saito Y. Bunai 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):49-50
Sequence analyses of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats, DXS6789, DXS8377 and DXS101 were performed for representatives of 3 Asian populations: 130 Japanese, 61 Bangladeshi and 89 Indonesian males. At DXS6789, the sequence polymorphism was found in 7 alleles in the Japanese, 3 in the Bangladeshis and 3 in the Indonesians. At DXS8377, the sequence polymorphism was found in 13 alleles in the Japanese, 9 in the Bangladeshis and in all alleles identified in the Indonesians. At DXS101, the sequence polymorphism was found in 7 alleles in the Japanese, 9 in the Bangladeshis and 8 in the Indonesians. Because sequence polymorphisms were found in most of the alleles at the DXS6789, DXS8377 and DXS101 loci, it was concluded that sequencing was essential for identifying the alleles at these loci in all 3 Asian populations. 相似文献
304.
This study compared the perceptions of 172 graduate students to traditional versus contrapower sexual harassment. Graduate students are a unique sample due to their dual role as a student and a teacher. After controlling for attitudes toward feminism and sexual harassment, participants viewed contrapower sexual harassment as less indicative of sexual harassment than traditional sexual harassment. Those with teaching experience perceived the scenarios provided as more indicative of sexual harassment than participants without teaching experience, and this effect was magnified for males. These findings suggest that people take sexual harassment less seriously in contrapower sexual harassment than in traditional sexual harassment. Furthermore, it is possible that teaching experience makes graduate students more aware of the complicated power differentials involved in classroom settings. 相似文献
305.
Kumooka Y 《Forensic science international》2008,176(2-3):111-120
The optimum method for analyzing glyceryl rosinate by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was studied. The performances of dithranol, anthracene, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, pyrene, trans,trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene, 9-nitroanthracene, indole-3-acrylic acid and retinoic acid as a matrix agent, and those of sodium trifluoroacetate (NaTFA) and silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA) as a cationization agent were measured. Dithranol showed higher signal to noise ratio and lower base-line, and AgTFA showed better performance than NaTFA. In this study, however, NaTFA was chosen since the ester peaks with high signal to noise ratios were observed, and the spectra of sodium-cationized molecules are simpler than those of silver-cationized molecules. Rosin esters and modified rosin esters in 22 rubber-based pressure sensitive adhesives and a paper-cement were analyzed. Glyceryl rosinate, glyceryl disproportionated rosinate, pentaerythrityl rosinate and pentaerythrityl hydrogenated rosinate were easily detected despite the fact that rubber-based adhesives are complex mixtures of elastomers, tackifiers, antioxidants and other additives. The detection limit of this method was studied and 2% of glyceryl rosinate in a rubber-based pressure sensitive adhesive was detected. It has been proved that MALDI-TOF-MS is a useful analytical method to analyze rosin and modified rosin esters in adhesives. 相似文献
306.
B Foti P Adalian M Signoli Y Ardagna O Dutour G Leonetti 《Forensic science international》2001,122(2-3):101-106
This study shows that epithelial attachment level, used as age determination criterion in Lamendin's method, is not reliable for adults of either sex above the age of 49 years with periodontal diseases in any quadrant. The underestimation of calculated age increases from 7 to 19 years with chronological age. On the other hand, the present paper confirms the pertinence of dentin translucency as an age indicator in Lamendin's method. 相似文献
307.
H Koyama M Iwasa Y Maeno T Tsuchimochi I Isobe S N Yoshimi M O Jun T Matsumoto T Horii M Nagao 《Forensic science international》2001,124(2-3):221-223
Allele and haplotype frequencies of seven Y-chromosome STR loci from samples of 108 unrelated Japanese males living in Aichi Prefecture. 相似文献
308.
Various in vitro experiments were performed for the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of ethanol production in corpses. Whereas a negligible quantity of ethanol was produced in the blood alone, which was left at room temperature, the quantity of ethanol was slightly increased by addition of glucose to the blood. When saprogens were further added, the quantity was markedly increased. Various materials were added to blood-liver homogenates as specimens, and the mixtures were stored in an incubator at 37 degrees C. As a result of the addition of an antibiotic to the mixture every day, there was hardly any production of ethanol. When alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were added, ethanol production was slightly increased. When acetaldehyde was added first, ethanol production was inhibited the next day, but on and after day 2, the quantity of ethanol was more than that in the control material. When pyruvic acid was added first, the results were similar to the above. Pyrazole, cyanamide, and disulfiram completely inhibited the production of ethanol. Ethanol production in corpses is believed to take place through a pathway opposite to that of ethanol metabolism in the living body, under the influence of ADH, ALDH, etc., in saprogens using carbohydrates as substrates. 相似文献
309.
310.
T Takatori Y Tsutsubuchi K Terazawa M Nagao H Akabame H Mikami 《Forensic science international》1990,47(3):261-268
The Lewis blood grouping of human saliva stains could be detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-Le(a) and anti-Le(b) monoclonal antibodies with an avidin-biotin complex (ABC). The saliva stains (1.0 by 1.0 cm in size) were used as samples and not only could the Lewis substances of 57 individual stains be correctly typed by this method, but also it was clarified that there are several different secretion patterns of amounts of Le(a) and Le(b) substances in 3 individual Lewis types. 相似文献