论心理学中的“隐喻”

心理学科学化以来,精致性、确定性和中立性的科技理性和逻辑思维一直拥有着绝对的话语权,剥夺、放逐了心理学语言中另一种权力--隐喻权力.在心理科学领域,隐喻的存在总有它的道理.它既是一种语言现象,也是一种文化现象,而作为一种思维方式,它是对逻辑演绎和科技理性的一种超越,对事物另外视角的深层次理解和求索.其创造、代替、表达及模式等作用,越来越以一种丰富性、内隐性及不可穷尽性等特征,使心理学流溢出民族文化品性.     

初犯的刑法学界定

初犯 ,在刑法学上应当界定为 :行为人在第一次被有权司法机关以生效法律文书形式确定有罪之前实施的全部犯罪行为。初犯作为量刑情节 ,对司法实践具有重要意义 ,在某些案件中 ,初犯还是法定量刑情节。初犯的刑法学界定应当有别于犯罪学界定 ,因为两者研究的出发点和目的不同 ;刑法学上与“初犯”相对应的概念应是“再犯” ,而不是“累犯”。初犯的刑法界定应当与相关法律法规紧密结合 ,还应当充分考虑初犯与再犯区别量刑的理论依据和基础 ,即犯罪人的人身危险性、是否受过刑法谴责性警告、对刑法制度的蔑视程度以及犯罪的社会因素等     

新时期日本新保守主义的发展及对中日关系的影响

中国和日本作为世界上两个有重大影响力的国家,其相互友好合作关系发展的程度,对亚洲和世界和平与稳定有着重要的意义.冷战结束后,特别是进入21世纪,日本国内政治、社会、经济领域出现了新情况和新问题,给新时期中日关系的发展既创造了机遇,又形成了挑战.究其根源,在于日本国内新保守主义的发展.分析和研究新保守主义这种社会思潮,对于妥善解决中日两国间的分歧,寻求更大的利益汇同点,建立面向21世纪健康稳定的中日友好合作伙伴关系有着重要的价值.     

大肠埃希氏菌和沙门菌氨基糖苷耐药基因PCR检测方法的建立

采用平板稀释法,选用氨基糖苷类药物链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素和新霉素对22 株猪、鸡大肠埃希氏菌和30株猪、鸡沙门菌进行了药敏试验。结果显示,在4种药物中大肠埃希氏菌对卡那霉素的耐药率最高,达81.8%,而沙门菌则对链霉素的耐药率最高,达60%,两类细菌都对新霉素的耐药率最低。设计了5对引物,对耐药基因aph(3′) Ⅱ、aadA1、aadA2、aadB和aac(3) Ⅰa进行了扩增,获得的基因片段与预期的大小一致;序列分析表明,扩增产物与GenBank中的相应序列有很高的同源性(>99.8%)。采用建立的PCR技术,对22株猪、鸡大肠埃希氏菌和30 株猪、鸡沙门菌的耐药基因进行了检测,证实耐药基因普遍存在,在大肠埃希氏菌中aadA1 基因的检出率最高(12/22),在沙门菌中aph(3′) Ⅱ基因的检出率最高(18/30),在所有的菌株中都未能检测出aac(3) Ⅰa基因。     

视觉中的性别与凝视--读《遭遇解放--1890-1930年代的中国女性》

刘慧英女士的著述《走出男权传统的樊篱———文学中男权意识的批判》,就中国女性主义的发展史而言,无疑是20世纪90年代西方女性主义思潮在中国开始本土实践的重要成果之一;而对于笔者个人来说,对它的特殊感情在于它是最早接触到的女性主义启蒙读物。10年之后,作者的另一部著作     

Catching Cybercriminals: Policing the Internet

This article seeks to contribute to the existing debate(s) over the governance of cyberspace by focusing not upon legal frameworks, which have been already been the subject of much good work, but upon the enforcement of law. What is missing from much of the recent debate has been a substantive discussion of some of the practical problems of policing the Internet, such as by whom and how it should be (is being) policed. Such considerations are becoming increasingly important as the inhabitants of cyberspace multiply in number. It is argued that much of the debate over the policing of the Internet has tended to be driven by moral panics. As these panics subside it is becoming clear that there is clearly a confusion in the literature between the potential and actual harms that can be inflicted by cybercrimes. Consequently, we must be wary of reports which exaggerate the extent to which cybercrimes have proliferated, especially when those reports appear to originate from bodies who are currently engaged in the growing cybercrime industry. Furthermore, the legal problems appear to be less considerable as previously thought, especially with regard to the conflict of laws. This is not to say that there is not a problem, for there clearly is, but the article suggests that some of the undesirable behaviours will work themselves out, some will be eradicated by technology, whilst the remainder will continue to challenge our traditional understandings of crimes and deviant behaviours and the way that we police them. The first part of this article will look briefly at the growth of cybercrime: at what it is, who are the offenders and who are their victims. The second part will look at current models of policing the Internet and the third part will explore the appropriateness of the terrestrial policing model to the treatment of cybercrimes.