Sicherheit und Ordnung

Ausgangspunkt ist die Frage, wie in modernen Gesellschaften das Kollektivgut Sicherheit gewährleistet und die öffentliche Ordnung aufrechterhalten werden können und wie sich der bellum omnium contra omnes verhindern lässt. Inneren und äußeren Frieden, Freiheit und soziale Wohlfahrt zu bewahren ist eines der zentralen Ziele demokratischer Gesellschaften. Sicherheit wird in seinen vielfältigen soziologischen, politischen und gesellschaftlichen Dimensionen reflektiert und als ein zentraler Begriff der Sozialwissenschaften und der Staatswissenschaften eingeführt. Hierauf aufbauend wird ein analytisches Modell, das verschiedene Sphären von Sicherheit (soziale, wirtschaftliche, politische und Wertsphäre) im politischen Raum unterscheidet, vorgestellt. Abschließend wird mit Blick auf die genuinen Aufgaben und Verantwortlichkeiten des Staates dessen Rolle bei der Friedenssicherung, der Gewährung innerer Sicherheit diskutiert und darauf verwiesen, dass dieser gegenwärtig nicht mehr alleiniger Garant von Sicherheit sein kann.     

Economic Democracy and the Expediency of Worker Participation

The increased discussion of economic democracy in America in recent years makes sense given the context of crises in Keynesianism, the welfare state, corporate legitimacy and American 'competitiveness'. Departing from Dahl's recent analysis, this paper argues that one notion of economic democracy - the internal democratization of the firm - can be conceived and plausibly linked to objectives of increased American competitiveness and community stability. The argument rejects purist schemes of universal cooperative ownership as well as so-called shareholder democracy. It proposes a representative system for the firm based on a balance among shareholder, employee and community interests, a separation of powers between boards of directors and management, and a concept of transition based on democratic development of already widespread employee stock-ownership plans.     

Deconstructing Whiteness: Irish Women in Britain

The Irish are largely invisible as an ethnic group in Britain but continue to be racialized as inferior and alien Others. Invisibility has been reinforced by academic treatment. Most historians have assumed that a framework of assimilation is appropriate and this outcome is uncritically accepted as desirable. Sociologists on the other hand have excluded the Irish from consideration, providing tacit support for the ‘myth of homogeneity’ of white people in Britain against the supposedly new phenomenon of threatening (Black) ‘immigrants’.Focus on the paradigm of ‘colour’ has limited the range of racist ideologies examined and led to denial of anti-Irish racism. But an analysis of nineteenth-century attitudes shows that the ‘Irish Catholic’ was a significant Other in the construction of the British nationalist myth. Despite contemporary forgetting, hostility towards the Irish continues, over and above immediate reactions to recent IRA campaigns. Verbal abuse and racial harassment are documented in London and elsewhere, but unacknowledged.The masculine imagery of ‘Paddy’ hides the existence of Irish women in Britain, although they have outnumbered men since the 1920s. In America, by contrast, there is a strong stereotype of ‘Bridget’ and her central contribution to Irish upward mobility is recognized. But invisibility does not protect Irish women in Britain from racism. Indeed, they are often more exposed since their productive and reproductive roles connect more firmly to British society. Moreover, women have played a key role in maintaining Catholic adherence, which continues to resonate closely with Irishness and difference.