Manifestation determination: rulings of the courts

A legal history of the logic behind the manifestation determination meeting was compiled based on a review of the literature. In addition a search of the Individuals with Disabilities Education law Reporter (IDELR) was conducted to identify manifestation determination cases decided after 1994 and before 2003. This time frame gave an indication of the rulings before and after the 1997 IDEA enactment, in order to examine the impact of these regulations. The result of this research indicates that more cases went to hearing after the 1997 enactment. School districts rely on administrative professionals to be aware of the legal procedures regarding manifestation determination decisions and that eighty nine out of ninety nine cases where decided strictly on these procedural issues. It also indicated that the school is not following correct procedures on nearly 50% of the cases that were reported.     

Expansion und Erträge tertiärer Bildung in Deutschland, Frankreich und im Vereinigten Königreich

Dieser Beitrag untersucht in einem Vergleich von Deutschland, Frankreich und dem Vereinigten Königreich die institutionelle Struktur des tertiären Bildungssystems sowie die Erträge unterschiedlicher Formen tertiärer Bildung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Er zeigt zudem, wie sich Strukturen und Erträge im Zuge der Bildungsexpansion gewandelt haben. Im Ergebnis unterscheiden sich die drei Länder erheblich darin, wie die tertiären Bildungssysteme den Zugang zur Beschäftigung in vorteilhaften Klassenpositionen formen. Das französische strukturiert den Eintritt in die Dienstklassen eindeutig am stärksten, das System im Vereinigten Königreich am wenigsten, während Deutschland eine mittlere Position einnimmt. Der Aufsatz zeigt, worin dieses unterschiedliche Ausmaß der Strukturierung späterer Berufschancen begründet ist. Im Hinblick auf die Folgen der Bildungsexpansion ist in allen Ländern eine leichte Verringerung der absoluten Bildungserträge festzustellen, von der die Absolventen an der Spitze des Bildungssystems in allen drei Ländern am wenigsten betroffen sind. Die relativen Erträge unterschiedlicher tertiärer Abschlüsse im Verhältnis zueinander und im Vergleich zu Abschlüssen auf dem Sekundarniveau verändern sich aber kaum. Nur in Deutschland sind die Berufsperspektiven der Fachhochschulabsolventen denen von Absolventen universitärer Studiengänge zunehmend ähnlicher geworden.     

Wiener Juristische Gesellschaft

Die Zukunft hat begonnen: Die Reform des Studiums der Rechtswissenschaften am Wiener Juridicum     

Soziale Sicherheit und Gerechtigkeit

This article shows that social security can be viewed as an important determinant of social inequality. Individuals holding secure positions not only are structurally privileged, but these privileges tend to grow over time. Moreover, structural and dynamic effects of social security on social inequality contradict widely accepted standards of social justice, and therefore undermine the legitimacy of social inequality. Preliminary empirical analyses based on the GSOEP illustrate these hypotheses and give some hints for further investigation.     

The Contingency of Voter Learning: How Election Debates Influenced Voters’ Ability and Accuracy to Position Parties in the 2010 Dutch Election Campaign

Election campaigns are expected to inform voters about parties’ issue positions, thereby increasing voters’ ability to influence future policy and thus enhancing the practice of democratic government. We argue that campaign learning is not only contingent on voters’ characteristics and different sources of information, but also on how parties communicate their issue positions in election debates. We combine a two-wave panel survey with content analysis data of three televised election debates. In cross-classified multilevel auto-regression models we examine the influence of these debates in the 2010 Dutch parliamentary election campaign on voters’ knowledge of the positions of eight parties on three issues. The Dutch multiparty system allows us to separate voters’ ability to position parties from their accuracy in ordering these parties. We reach three main conclusions. First, this study shows that voters become more able and accurate during the campaign. However, these campaign learning effects erode after the elections. Second, whereas voters’ attention to campaigns consistently contributes to their ability to position parties, its effect on accuracy is somewhat less consistent. Third, televised election debates contribute to what voters learn. Parties that advocate their issue positions in the debates stimulate debate viewers’ ability to position these parties on these issues. In the face of the complexity of campaigns and debates in multiparty systems, campaigns are more likely to boost voters’ subjective ability to position parties than their accuracy.