Modern Turkey

Turkistan Tumult. By Aitchen K. Wu. With illustrations and 2 maps. 8½” × 5½”. Pp. xiii+279. Methuen and Co. 12s. 6d.

Soviets in the Arctic. An historical, economic and political study of the Soviet advance into the Arctic. By T. A. Taracouzio. 9½” × 6¼”. Pp. xvi+563. 7 maps. Macmillan. 1939. 32s. 6d.

Revealing India's Past. A Co‐operative Record of Archaeological Conservation and Exploration in India and Beyond. By Twenty‐two Authorities—British, Indian, and Continental. With a foreword by A. Foucher. Edited by Sir John Cumming, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., M.A. 8½” × 6¾”. Pp. xx+374. Thirty‐three plates and map. The India Society. 1939. 25s.

Islam. By Henri Masse. Translated from the French by Halide Edib. Pp. 270. Putnam. $2.50.

Petra, the Rock City of Edom. By Dr. A. M. Murray. Pp. x+210. Thirty‐two plates; two sketch maps. Blackic. 1939.     

Inside and outside executive development: Forces for and against organizational success

This article addresses the question of whether executive development makes a difference in executives and executive behavior. The conceptional approach utilized examines executive development from an internal as well as an external perspective. Central to the argument are the differences, difficulties, and realities which must be addressed by executive development experts in order for such techniques as organization development to be successfully applied and implemented.     

Elimination rates of breath alcohol

Legal driving limits are set coequally with 0.5 g/L blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or 0.25 mg/L breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) in Austria as well as in other European countries. As mostly some time elapses between BrAC measurement and driving offence, a back calculation of alcohol concentrations is often required. The calculation of hourly BrAC elimination rates can thereby help to avoid unnecessary variances. A study with 59 participants was performed under social conditions. BrAC was determined with the legally accredited Alcotest 7110 MK III A every 30 min, and concomitantly venous blood samples were drawn. Five hundred and four BrAC/BAC value pairs were evaluated. The overall mean peak BrAC was calculated with 0.456 mg/L (±0.119 mg/L standard deviation). The mean hourly BrAC elimination rate was overall determined with 0.082 mg/L per h (0.050–0.114, 95% range). Mean rate of females (0.087 mg/L h⁻¹) and the according 95% limits were statistically significantly higher than of males (mean rate 0.078 mg/L h⁻¹, p < 0.04). Our results confirm the possibility to implement hourly BrAC elimination rates, provided that adequate statistical ranges and basic forensic scientific rules that have been set up for alcohol back calculations are observed.     

Manifestation determination: rulings of the courts

A legal history of the logic behind the manifestation determination meeting was compiled based on a review of the literature. In addition a search of the Individuals with Disabilities Education law Reporter (IDELR) was conducted to identify manifestation determination cases decided after 1994 and before 2003. This time frame gave an indication of the rulings before and after the 1997 IDEA enactment, in order to examine the impact of these regulations. The result of this research indicates that more cases went to hearing after the 1997 enactment. School districts rely on administrative professionals to be aware of the legal procedures regarding manifestation determination decisions and that eighty nine out of ninety nine cases where decided strictly on these procedural issues. It also indicated that the school is not following correct procedures on nearly 50% of the cases that were reported.     

Expansion und Erträge tertiärer Bildung in Deutschland, Frankreich und im Vereinigten Königreich

Dieser Beitrag untersucht in einem Vergleich von Deutschland, Frankreich und dem Vereinigten Königreich die institutionelle Struktur des tertiären Bildungssystems sowie die Erträge unterschiedlicher Formen tertiärer Bildung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Er zeigt zudem, wie sich Strukturen und Erträge im Zuge der Bildungsexpansion gewandelt haben. Im Ergebnis unterscheiden sich die drei Länder erheblich darin, wie die tertiären Bildungssysteme den Zugang zur Beschäftigung in vorteilhaften Klassenpositionen formen. Das französische strukturiert den Eintritt in die Dienstklassen eindeutig am stärksten, das System im Vereinigten Königreich am wenigsten, während Deutschland eine mittlere Position einnimmt. Der Aufsatz zeigt, worin dieses unterschiedliche Ausmaß der Strukturierung späterer Berufschancen begründet ist. Im Hinblick auf die Folgen der Bildungsexpansion ist in allen Ländern eine leichte Verringerung der absoluten Bildungserträge festzustellen, von der die Absolventen an der Spitze des Bildungssystems in allen drei Ländern am wenigsten betroffen sind. Die relativen Erträge unterschiedlicher tertiärer Abschlüsse im Verhältnis zueinander und im Vergleich zu Abschlüssen auf dem Sekundarniveau verändern sich aber kaum. Nur in Deutschland sind die Berufsperspektiven der Fachhochschulabsolventen denen von Absolventen universitärer Studiengänge zunehmend ähnlicher geworden.     

Wiener Juristische Gesellschaft

Die Zukunft hat begonnen: Die Reform des Studiums der Rechtswissenschaften am Wiener Juridicum