Duplications of the Y-chromosome specific loci P25 and 92R7 and forensic implications

In the present study, we demonstrate that two commonly used Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), P25 and 92R7, are paralogous sequence variants (PSVs) originating from segmental duplications and that at least one of the sequence variants in each group of loci is polymorphic. Several methodologies were used in order to detect the SNP alleles and the PSVs of the loci. All results obtained with the various typing techniques supported the conclusion. The allele distributions of the binary markers were analysed in more than 600 males with seven different haplogroups. For P25, the ancestral allele C was found in several samples from different haplogroups. The derived allele A was always present with an additional C variant. Haplogroup P was defined by the derived allele A at the 92R7 locus. However, the ancestral allele G was always associated with an A variant due to the duplication.     

A collaborative study of the EDNAP group regarding Y-chromosome binary polymorphism analysis

A collaborative study was carried out by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) in order to evaluate the performance of Y-chromosome binary polymorphism analysis in different European laboratories. Four blood samples were sent to the laboratories, to be analysed for 11 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): SRY-1532, M40, M35, M213, M9, 92R7, M17, P25, M18, M153 and M167. All the labs were also asked to submit a population study including these markers. All participating laboratories reported the same results, indicating the reproducibility and robustness of Y-chromosome SNP typing. A total of 535 samples from six different European populations were also analysed. In Galicia (NW Spain) and Belgium, the most frequent haplogroup was R1b*(xR1b1,R1b3df). Haplogroup F*(xK) is one of the most frequent in Austria and Denmark, while the lowest frequency appear in Belgium. Haplogroup frequencies found in this collaborative study were compared with previously published European Y-chromosome haplogroup data.     

论初次分配领域中的政府责任问题——以“福利腐败”现象为例

面对我国转型期不断扩大的收入差距,社会保障再分配制度显得十分乏力甚至扭曲,其根源在于我国的初次分配的不公平性.垄断行业的"福利腐败"问题是我国初次分配不公的重要表现形式,"福利腐败"现象的蔓延和扩散已经产生了巨大的外部负效应,造成了国家的制度僵化症.确立政府在初次分配领域中的责任,通过政府干预的方式铲除"福利腐败"、解决初次分配不公问题,成为新时期深化收入分配体制改革的一个重要内容.     

我国船舶工业国际竞争力评价及对策研究

本文首先界定船舶工业国际竞争力内涵,分析其影响因素,然后建立船舶工业国际竞争力评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法确定指标权重,从而建立船舶工业国际竞争力评价模型。最后,对中韩船舶工业国际竞争力进行了实证评价,并提出了提高我国船舶工业国际竞争力的对策。     

独立学院学风建设思考

学校主要靠办学质量赢得生源,对于独立学院,更是如此,学风状况是衡量独立学院办学水平的标准之一,目前独立学院的学风存在很多问题,既有学校的因素,也有学生自身以及社会的因素,那么就应从这些原因入手着力去改善。