Enforcing ethics in social work

The attention paid by the social work profession to ethical issues has waxed and waned since the formal inauguration of the profession in the late 19th century. For the first half century of the profession's life, relatively little attention was devoted to problems of professional ethics, though social work's literature was filled with discussions of value-laden issues that arise in practice. In recent years, interest in professional ethics has increased substantially. This article discusses the growth of interest in professional ethics, the formulation of the social work code of ethics, the adjudication of grievances in social work, and the strengths and limitations of the profession's code.     

Interest in political campaigns: The influence of question order and electoral context

A split-ballot experiment shows that, when people are asked how interested they are in following political campaigns, their response depends not only on the order in which the question is asked, but also on the broader electoral context in which it is posed. When asked how interested they were in following the political campaigns immediatelyafter a question about whether or not they voted in the (1982) election, people were more likely to think they were interested in the campaign, especially if they claimed to have voted, than if they were asked about it immediatelybefore the question on whether or not they voted. This order effect, however, appears to depend onwhen the questions are asked. If asked within a few weeks after the election, there is little or no order effect. But later, as the memory of the campaign fades, the order of the questions makes a sizable difference in the results. This order effect also seems to be more pronounced among better-educated respondents, suggesting that they are more likely to feel pressured by a social norm to vote and to express an interest in political affairs, not only in real life, but in the survey interview as well. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the design of the interview schedule used in the American National Election Studies.The research reported in this paper was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (SES81-11404).     

中国青年科技人才培养的历史演进、存在问题与对策建议

应对世界百年未有之大变局,实现我国科技自立自强发展,亟须一批具有旺盛科研精力和高度创新力的青年科技人才。本文梳理了我国青年科技人才培养的总体战略和政策措施,针对目前存在的主要问题,提出进一步优化的系统性思路。建议继续坚持党对青年科技人才工作的全面领导、强化政策顶层设计、探索与国家战略相适应的选拔与激励制度、完善多元评价体系、构建符合青年科技人才成长规律的创新平台与制度环境。     

苏联总统制简介

<正> 今年3月13日召开的苏联非常人民代表大会通过了关于设置苏联总统职位和对现行宪法进行相应修改和补充的法律。一、为什么设立总统该法律的序言宣称:"为了巩固法制,保障公民的权利,自由和安全,改善苏联最高政权机关和行政机关的相互关系,确保国家的政治,经济改革的深入发展,苏联人民代表大会决定设置总统职位。"     

The establishment of the presence and group classification of sperm in mixed stains by isoelectric focusing

The article deals with experimental data on design of the method used for detection of sperm, blood and vaginal secretions according to isoelectric points of acid phosphatases, differential diagnosis of ABO group antigens in "mixed" stains as well as detection of phenotype of red cell acid phosphatase by isoelectric focusing method.     

对我国刑事诉讼法若干条文的看法

<正> 1.我国刑事诉讼法第58条第1款规定:"侦查是指公安机关、人民检察院在办理案件过程中,依照法律进行的专门调查工作和有关的强制性措施。"这就是说,人民检察院也享有侦查权。该法接着在第73条中说:"侦查人员执行勘验、检查,必须持有公安机关的证明文件。"在第78条第1款中又继续说:"为了查明案情,在必要的时候,经公安局长批准,可以进行侦查实验。"我们的疑问是:作为国家法律监督机关的人民检察院,在自侦案件中进行勘验、检查,难道也必须持有公安机关的证明文件?进行侦查实验也必须经公安局长批准?既然如此,刑事诉讼法第58条赋予人民检察院的侦查权又该怎样理解呢?这显然是立法