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971.
In this study, an assessment phase is undertaken to determine intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence. An anonymous survey is followed by a chart review documenting identification of IPV. Two methods are attempted to increase assessment/documentation of IPV: a physician educational intervention and a nursing routine inquiry intervention in one quadrant of the practice. The IPV physician educational intervention includes didactic sessions, an IPV counselor, and resource information. The routine inquiry intervention involves nurses screening female patients for IPV at check-in. IPV is found to be prevalent in a general medicine clinic. An enhanced educational intervention does not increase IPV documentation. A routine inquiry intervention significantly increases documentation of lifetime IPV but does not impact current IPV identification. 相似文献
972.
John F. Wozniak 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,51(1):189-203
During the past decade, there was a resurgent tendency in criminology to explain emerging patterns of crime within the United
States by referring solely to dysfunctional families or dysfunctional individuals. Other criminologists questioned these latter
approaches as detaching individuals and crime from the social institutions that envelope them. In light of this recent attempt
to link crime to social institutions, it seems fruitful to revisit the work of one of the most astute analysts of institutional
structure: C. Wright Mills. Hence, this article begins with an overview of Mills’ sociological perspective and then shows
how it provides useful insights into institutional sources of illegal behavior. The article also illustrates ways the Millsian
perspective can be directly applied to an analysis of corporate crime in relation to other forms of crime emanating from the
structure of contemporary U.S. society. After that, the article explores how the Millsian perspective can broaden understanding
of the growing decline of ethics within America’s leading industries, governmental agencies, and the justice system. The article
concludes by addressing policy implications, particularly in regard to the prospects of linking the Millsian perspective with
basic tenets of peacemaking criminology.
相似文献
John F. WozniakEmail: |
973.
In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of prosecutor office efficiency in the United States. Using multiple inputs and
multiple outputs to characterize prosecutor office production, technical and scale efficiency are calculated for U.S. counties.
Given the complex nature of service provision and potential heterogeneity based on judicial district size, we restrict our
sample to those counties with populations between 100 and 500 thousand. Given the efficiency results, we also test whether
efficiency is statistically related to median income and the percentage of minority population. The results suggest that prosecutor
offices in more socio-economically disadvantages counties are more inefficient.
相似文献
974.
Edwin Sutherland published his famous White Collar Crime in 1949 where he excoriated leaders of American firms for their war crimes. The names of all corporations were deleted, however,
from the book by the threat of legal action. The unabridged version was published in 1983 when the Sutherland files at Indiana
University were unsealed. These files can now be compared with both the 1949 and 1983 book, as well as with other evidence
of corporate war crimes during World War II. 相似文献
975.
Elizabeth F. Mason 《环境索赔杂志》2009,21(3):200-210
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has recently taken steps toward directly regulating the potential environmental, health, and safety risks associated with the manufacture and use of nanomaterials, and indications are that it is considering additional regulatory action. More particularly, the agency appears ready to start relying more on the exercise of its existing statutory authorities—including the Toxic Substances Control Act and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act—than on voluntary industry efforts to address these potential risks. As a result, companies that work with nanomaterials should pay close attention to USEPA's activities in this arena. 相似文献
976.
P. Brito M. Carvalho A.M. Bento H. Afonso Costa A. Serra V. Lopes F. Balsa L. Andrade L. Batista C. Oliveira M.J. Anjos F. Corte-Real 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):206-207
Biallelic markers, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), are nowadays a powerful tool in the analysis of degraded samples. Namely, Y chromosome SNPs allow to determine the gender of the analyzed sample and to establish its haplogroup, making possible to attribute the ethnicity of male individuals. The aim of this study is to obtain Y-SNPs in forensic samples without STRs results, checking methodologies previously used. 相似文献
977.
978.
Perfect TJ Wagstaff GF Moore D Andrews B Cleveland V Newcombe S Brisbane KA Brown L 《Law and human behavior》2008,32(4):314-324
Five experiments tested the idea that instructing a witness to close their eyes during retrieval might increase retrieval success. In Experiment 1 participants watched a video, before a cued-recall test for which they were either instructed to close their eyes, or received no-instructions. Eye-closure led to an increase in correct cued-recall, with no increase in incorrect responses. Experiments 2-5 sought to test the generality of this effect over variations in study material (video or live interaction), test format (cued- or free-recall) and information modality (visual or auditory details recalled). Overall, eye-closure increased recall of both visual detail and auditory details, with no accompanying increase in recall of false details. Collectively, these data convincingly demonstrate the benefits of eye-closure as an aid to retrieval, and offer insight into why hypnosis, which usually involves eye-closure, may facilitate eyewitness recall. 相似文献
979.
John F. Wozniak 《Critical Criminology》2008,16(3):209-223
Mainstream criminology has traditionally focused on poverty as an isolated variable, whose effects are typically explored
by inserting a limited measure of this variable in a multivariate analysis. Peacemaking criminology, however, offers an alternative
perspective. In this paradigm, poverty is seen as a source of suffering and, to a degree, a “crime” in and of itself. Furthermore,
the suffering poverty engenders is an enveloping social experience that exposes its victims to concentrated disadvantage—or,
to use Jonathan Kozol’s (1991) term, to a range of “savage inequalities.” Thus, poverty is best understood not as an isolated
variable, but as a master status of fundamental social reality that subjects people to lives filled with suffering—suffering
that can engender criminal behavior. From a peacemaking perspective, a key avenue for preventing crime is, in the short run,
diminishing the suffering poverty causes and, in the long run, embracing social policies that reduce the prevalence of economic
suffering in contemporary society.
相似文献
John F. WozniakEmail: |
980.
The rapid economic growth in China over recent decades has been accompanied by higher levels of crime, but there have been
few studies of the Chinese experience of criminal victimization. A recent victimization survey of a representative sample
of households in Tianjin represents a major effort to fill this gap in the literature. The present paper reviews the research
based on the Tianjin survey along with other studies of crime and criminal victimization in China that have been published
since 1990. We summarize the major findings, discuss the theoretical perspectives and methodological strategies that have
been applied, identify the limitations of the research to date, and offer suggestions for future research.
相似文献
Yue Zhuo (Corresponding author)Email: |
Steven F. MessnerEmail: |
Lening ZhangEmail: |