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41.
ABSTRACTWe investigated the effect of dialect and race on juror decision making. Mock jurors read a summary of an ambiguous criminal case, which included audio of a defense witness (Study 1) or defendant (Study 2). Both speaker dialect [General American English (GAE)/African American Vernacular English (AAVE)] and race (White/Black) were crossed; Study 2 also included three levels of case (Ambiguous/Pro-Prosecution/Pro-Defense) to evaluate any effects of evidentiary context. In both studies, jurors who listened to the AAVE recording found the AAVE-speaking witness to be less professional and less educated than their GAE-speaking counterparts. Interestingly, jurors in Study 2 who heard the defendant use GAE were more likely to find him guilty and found him less credible when the case favored the prosecution, hinting that ingroup biases such as the black sheep effect may also play a role in perceptions of dialect. Secondary analyses found that AAVE predicted more negative overall evaluations of the speaker, and these negative evaluations were associated with an increase in guilty verdicts. Together, these findings suggest that dialect plays an under-investigated role in the courtroom, and that bias against AAVE negatively impacts juror appraisals of its speakers and can potentially influence juror decision making. 相似文献
42.
R. Kent Weaver 《管理》2014,27(2):243-265
Existing research on compliance failures by individuals and businesses focuses primarily on information and incentive problems. This article develops a comprehensive framework for analyzing barriers to compliance, giving particular attention to resource and autonomy barriers, heterogeneity of the target population, multiple barriers to compliance, and problems that arise when a complex and ongoing set of actions is require to be “in compliance.” How governments react to compliance failures is heavily influenced by the social construction and political power of target populations. The propositions developed in the article are tested against the cases of the Swedish individual account pension system and welfare reform in the United States. 相似文献
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Timothy P. R. Weaver 《New Political Science》2013,35(3):423-442
ABSTRACTIn recent years, social movements have taken to the streets to protest various forms of economic and racial injustice. However, these attempts to exploit the political opportunities public spaces afford have been compromised by the increasingly private nature of “public” spaces. What has changed is the rise of privately owned public spaces (POPS), areas that appear to be public, but in fact are owned by corporations that prohibit a range of activities, including political protest. This article argues such restrictions of public space are not limited to POPS. Rather, they are just one expression of a far more pervasive phenomenon, novel variations on centuries-old practices by which common or public land has been enclosed. I suggest that four forms of enclosure -for profit, of behavior, of community, and of the public realm- degrade the status of public institutions and insulate private interests from counter-mobilization by groups pursuing egalitarian ends. 相似文献
49.
While the AMBER Alert system is intended to facilitate the rescue of abducted children, it has practical and psychological limitations. Participants indicated their emotions and perceptions about Alerts before and after reading a vignette that manipulated details about a child abduction. Results indicate that the Alert system fits some criteria of Crime Control Theater (CCT). CCT polices are emotion-based legal actions that appear to address crime but fail to do so and have unintended consequences. Participants experienced panic about child abduction and believed the system is an effective tool which should be used no matter the unintended consequences. Emotions and panic positively related to perceptions of the system. Still, perceptions were not particularly positive, indicating that some participants recognize the system's limitations. Female and community participants generally had more positive perceptions than males and students, especially when experiencing high emotions or panic. Reading about an abduction reduced emotions overall and led to more positive perceptions (but only in the ‘AMBER Alert success’ condition). Reading about an ‘Alert failure’ did not affect perceptions. Results highlight the role of emotion in shaping perceptions of the system. As with other CCT policies, lawmakers should rely less on community sentiment and more on science when adopting legislation. 相似文献
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Hazel M. Prelow Marvella A. Bowman Scott R. Weaver 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):543-553
Hierarchical regression analyses were used to identify factors that functioned as either promotive or protective factors against
the impact of ecological risk on the psychological adjustment of 112 African American and 94 European American adolescents
(13–19 years of age). Indicators of ecological risk, promotive/protective factors, and adjustment were assessed concurrently
via adolescent self-report questionnaires. Supportive parenting emerged as a promotive factor for both African American and
European American adolescents for academic achievement, competence, and problem behaviors. Additionally, school connectedness
served as a promotive factor for both African American and European American adolescents with competence as the criterion.
However, in analyses with problem behaviors as the criterion, school connectedness intensified the effect of ecological risk
for European American adolescents. Of the three hypothesized positive factors (supportive parenting, ethnic identity, and
school connectedness), only ethnic identity emerged as a protective factor for problem behaviors and this effect was only
observed for European American adolescents.
An assistant Professor in Psychology at the University at Albany, State University of New York. Received her PhD in Clinical
Psychology from the University of North Texas. Major research interests are risk and resiliency processes in ethnic minority
youth and measurement equivalence issues.
Doctoral student in Clinical Psychology at the University at Albany, State University of New York. Research interests are
risk and protective factors in minority youth
Post-doctoral Fellow now at Arizona State University. Received his PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University at Albany,
State University of New York. Research interests are risk and protective processes in minority youth and measurement equivalence
issues 相似文献