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Schneider PM Bender K Mayr WR Parson W Hoste B Decorte R Cordonnier J Vanek D Morling N Karjalainen M Marie-Paule Carlotti C Sabatier M Hohoff C Schmitter H Pflug W Wenzel R Patzelt D Lessig R Dobrowolski P O'Donnell G Garafano L Dobosz M De Knijff P Mevag B Pawlowski R Gusmão L Conceicao Vide M Alonso Alonso A García Fernández O Sanz Nicolás P Kihlgreen A Bär W Meier V Teyssier A Coquoz R Brandt C Germann U Gill P Hallett J Greenhalgh M 《Forensic science international》2004,139(2-3):123-134
Degradation of human DNA extracted from forensic stains is, in most cases, the result of a natural process due to the exposure of the stain samples to the environment. Experiences with degraded DNA from casework samples show that every sample may exhibit different properties in this respect, and that it is difficult to systematically assess the performance of routinely used typing systems for the analysis of degraded DNA samples. Using a batch of artificially degraded DNA with an average fragment size of approx. 200 bp a collaborative exercise was carried out among 38 forensic laboratories from 17 European countries. The results were assessed according to correct allele detection, peak height and balance as well as the occurrence of artefacts. A number of common problems were identified based on these results such as strong peak imbalance in heterozygous genotypes for the larger short tandem repeat (STR) fragments after increased PCR cycle numbers, artefact signals and allelic drop-out. Based on the observations, strategies are discussed to overcome these problems. The strategies include careful balancing of the amount of template DNA and the PCR cycle numbers, the reaction volume and the amount of Taq polymerase. Furthermore, a careful evaluation of the results of the fragment analysis and of automated allele calling is necessary to identify the correct alleles and avoid artefacts. 相似文献
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Elizabeth J. D'Amico Dionne Barnes Mary Lou Gilbert Gery Ryan Suzanne L. Wenzel 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2013,41(2):112-128
Little is known about the transition to adulthood for adolescent females and young women who are impoverished and homeless. Co-occurrence of drug use and abuse, HIV risk, and victimization is notable among homeless women, highlighting the need for comprehensive interventions. Unfortunately, evidence-based prevention approaches addressing these inter-related problems among impoverished women transitioning into adulthood are lacking. To address this gap, we designed an innovative prevention program by utilizing open- and closed-ended interview data from impoverished women (n = 20), focus groups with community experts and providers (2 groups; n = 9), and a theoretical framework to direct the research. Information provided by our focus groups and interviews with women supported our theoretical framework and highlighted the importance of addressing normative information, providing skills training, and utilizing a non-confrontational approach when discussing these sensitive issues. 相似文献
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Wenzel S Holloway I Golinelli D Ewing B Bowman R Tucker J 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(5):561-571
Little is known about the social networks of homeless youth in emerging adulthood despite the importance of this information
for interventions to reduce health risks. This study examined the composition of social networks, and the risks and supports
present within them, in a random sample of 349 homeless youth (33.4% female, 23.9% African American, 17.7% Hispanic) between
the ages of 18 and 24. Social network members who were met on the street were among the most likely to be perceived as engaging
in risky sex, as well as to engage in substance use with the youth. Youth were more likely to count on relatives and sex partners
for support compared to other network members, but they also were more likely to use substances with sex partners and perceived
them as engaging in risky sex. Interventions may need to recognize the importance of intimate relationships during the developmental
stage of emerging adulthood by enhancing supportive bonds and reducing substance use and risky sex in these relationships. 相似文献
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Retributive and Restorative Justice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The emergence of restorative justice as an alternative model to Western, court-based criminal justice may have important implications
for the psychology of justice. It is proposed that two different notions of justice affect responses to rule-breaking: restorative
and retributive justice. Retributive justice essentially refers to the repair of justice through unilateral imposition of
punishment, whereas restorative justice means the repair of justice through reaffirming a shared value-consensus in a bilateral
process. Among the symbolic implications of transgressions, concerns about status and power are primarily related to retributive
justice and concerns about shared values are primarily related to restorative justice. At the core of these processes, however,
lies the parties’ construal of their identity relation, specifically whether or not respondents perceive to share an identity
with the offender. The specific case of intergroup transgressions is discussed, as are implications for future research on
restoring a sense of justice after rule-breaking. 相似文献
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Nadine Wenzel 《South African Journal of International Affairs》2013,20(3):431-448
Framed by the 5th BRICS Summit in South Africa in March 2013, this analysis examines economic ‘South-South’ linkages on a company level. A qualitative case study focuses on a small number of private corporations operating in the South African mining and minerals sector. It looks at their reactions to increasingly competitive markets in the regions of Southern and West Africa, thus on their agency, defined as the ability to act in complex uncertainty. Findings present how the South African cases' engagements with strategically selected partner companies from the other BRICS economies can succeed. This contribution attempts to examine entrepreneurial rationale that can be taken as anecdotal evidence of a new ‘economic diplomacy’ at corporate level. The examples illustrate how agency enables certain adaptations of strategies for creating competitive synergies from collaboration with new actors from the other BRICS economies in Africa. 相似文献
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An ingestion of an unknown quantity of mirtazapine in a suicide attempt leading to death is described. Sertraline and amitriptyline have been co-ingested. Because mirtazapine is reported to be relatively safe in overdose, body fluids and tissues were investigated for both mirtazapine and desmethylmirtazapine by high-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry following liquid-liquid extraction. The limit of detection was sufficiently low to also apply the assay in pharmacokinetic studies. The levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline were very low (38 and 19 ng/mL femoral venous blood) and the amount of sertraline in blood taken from the femoral vein (880 ng/mL) was considerably lower than those seen in overdosage. Accumulation of mirtazapine and N-desmethylmirtazapine was evident in fluids and tissues involved in enterohepatic circulation and excretion. The concentration determined in a brain sample suggests a contribution of the metabolite to the drug's pharmacodynamic activity. Based on literature data, significant adverse or synergistic effects among the drugs detected as well as adverse reactions such as a serotonin reaction appeared less probable. Mirtazapine exhibits alpha(1)-antagonistic properties on the cardiac-vascular system and may cause hyponatraemia. In the face of the cardiac findings at autopsy and the lack of an apparent cause of death, these effects of mirtazapine may have initiated a process leading to death. 相似文献
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A Letter from the Tax Office: Compliance Effects of Informational and Interpersonal Justice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Wenzel 《Social Justice Research》2006,19(3):345-364
It has been argued that authorities attract greater compliance when they treat people according to principles of interactional and procedural justice. Set in the context of taxation, the present research investigates the effects on behavioral compliance of reminder letters adopting principles of informational and interpersonal fairness compared with a standard reminder notice. Study 1 with 199 students confirmed that both fairness letters were regarded as fairer than the standard letter. In Study 2, a field experiment, 2052 Australian taxpayers who had an obligation to file a tax declaration but failed to file on time were randomly sent one of the three reminder letters. The two fairness letters yielded a significantly greater compliance rate than the control letter.
相似文献
Michael WenzelEmail: Phone: +61-8-82012274Fax: +61-8-82013877 |
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Political Behavior - In recent years, political scientists have begun to pay greater attention to political institutions and questions of institutional change. This article addresses a question... 相似文献