全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8230篇 |
免费 | 224篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 473篇 |
工人农民 | 362篇 |
世界政治 | 580篇 |
外交国际关系 | 335篇 |
法律 | 4880篇 |
中国政治 | 45篇 |
政治理论 | 1725篇 |
综合类 | 54篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 94篇 |
2019年 | 118篇 |
2018年 | 155篇 |
2017年 | 179篇 |
2016年 | 198篇 |
2015年 | 133篇 |
2014年 | 167篇 |
2013年 | 931篇 |
2012年 | 172篇 |
2011年 | 192篇 |
2010年 | 171篇 |
2009年 | 179篇 |
2008年 | 211篇 |
2007年 | 242篇 |
2006年 | 228篇 |
2005年 | 185篇 |
2004年 | 177篇 |
2003年 | 189篇 |
2002年 | 168篇 |
2001年 | 306篇 |
2000年 | 251篇 |
1999年 | 237篇 |
1998年 | 113篇 |
1997年 | 95篇 |
1996年 | 89篇 |
1995年 | 77篇 |
1994年 | 94篇 |
1993年 | 85篇 |
1992年 | 133篇 |
1991年 | 173篇 |
1990年 | 163篇 |
1989年 | 156篇 |
1988年 | 165篇 |
1987年 | 175篇 |
1986年 | 173篇 |
1985年 | 157篇 |
1984年 | 153篇 |
1983年 | 126篇 |
1982年 | 92篇 |
1981年 | 99篇 |
1980年 | 71篇 |
1979年 | 131篇 |
1978年 | 91篇 |
1977年 | 78篇 |
1976年 | 58篇 |
1975年 | 87篇 |
1974年 | 89篇 |
1973年 | 84篇 |
1972年 | 57篇 |
1971年 | 57篇 |
排序方式: 共有8454条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
221.
222.
223.
Dirk H.R. Spennemann 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(5):745-804
Annually, natural disasters cause loss of life, damage to property, and damage to the environment. Concomitant is damage to the cultural heritage property, both items and places. Yet in the wake of a disaster, containment and response efforts put additional cultural resources at risk--usually due to ignorance rather than malice on the part of the disaster manager or the property owners. This paper reviews the effects of natural disasters on heritage sites and argues for increased awareness and training for disaster managers. 相似文献
224.
225.
226.
Steven E. Rhoads 《Society》2012,49(6):515-519
227.
Jeffrey J. Harden Justin H. Kirkland Patrick E. Shea 《Legislative Studies Quarterly》2021,46(1):189-218
Open governance requirements are designed to improve accountability, which implies that transparent governments are more trustworthy stewards of their publicly invested power. However, transparency may also reduce institutional effectiveness and inhibit political compromise, diminishing the capacity to manage resources responsibly. We assess empirical support for these competing perspectives in the context of American state legislatures, many of which have become exempt from state sunshine laws in recent decades. We leverage variation in the timing of these legislative exemptions to identify the effect of removing transparency in a crucial governing institution on investors’ risk perceptions of states’ general obligation bonds. Our analysis of these data during the period 1995–2010 suggests that removing legislative transparency reduces state credit risk. We conclude that while openness in government may be normatively desirable, shielding legislative proceedings from public view may actually be better for states’ debt repayment capacity, improving their overall fiscal health. 相似文献
228.
Ashli J. Sheidow Martha K. Strachan Joel A. Minden David B. Henry Patrick H. Tolan Deborah Gorman-Smith 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(7):821-829
Research examining the relationship between internalizing symptoms and antisocial behaviors has generally been cross-sectional
in design. Thus, although extant data have substantiated a strong correlation between internalizing symptoms and antisocial
behaviors, few studies have focused on describing the nature of the co-occurrence over time. This study examined the relation
between growth in internalizing symptoms and longitudinal patterns of antisocial behavior in a sample of 283 inner-city males
and their caregivers assessed as part of a longitudinal developmental risk study. Participants were assessed annually in four
waves. Non-offenders and escalating offenders had lower levels of internalizing problems at wave 1 than did chronic minor
and serious-chronic-violent offenders. Results revealed a developmental trend of decreasing internalizing problems across
study years for most participants, as would be expected, with adolescents participating in serious, chronic, and violent patterns
of antisocial behavior displaying greater internalizing problems than those participating in stable patterns of less serious
or no antisocial behavior. Further, when there was escalation of seriousness and frequency of antisocial behavior, there also
was increased internalizing problems relative to non-escalating juveniles. Results are discussed in the context of developmental
psychopathology.
相似文献
Ashli J. SheidowEmail: |
229.
Danielle H. Dallaire David A. Cole Thomas M. Smith Jeffrey A. Ciesla Beth LaGrange Farrah M. Jacquez Ashley Q. Pineda Alanna E. Truss Amy S. Folmer 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(7):830-846
Community, demographic, familial, and personal risk factors of childhood depressive symptoms were examined from an ecological
theoretical approach using hierarchical linear modeling. Individual-level data were collected from an ethnically diverse (73%
African-American) community sample of 197 children and their parents; community-level data were obtained from the U.S. Census
regarding rates of community poverty and unemployment in participants’ neighborhoods. Results indicated that high rates of
community poverty and unemployment, children’s depressive attributional style, and low levels of self-perceived competence
predict children’s depressive symptoms, even after accounting for demographic and familial risk factors, such as parental
education and negative parenting behaviors. The effect of negative parenting behaviors on depressive symptoms was partially
mediated by personal variables like children’s self-perceived competence. Recommendations for future research, intervention
and prevention programs are discussed.
Dr. Danielle H. Dallaire is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at The College of William and Mary. She received her Ph.D. from Temple University in 2003. Her major research interests include children’s social and emotional development and promoting resiliency in children and families in high risk environments, particularly children and families dealing with parental incarceration. Dr. David A. Cole is a Professor in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. He received his Ph.D. from The University of Houston in 1983. His major research interests center around developmental psychopathology in general and childhood depression in particular. Dr. Thomas M. Smith is an Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Education at Vanderbilt University, Peabody College. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from The Pennsylvania State University. Professor Smith’s current research agenda focuses on the organization of teaching quality, exploring relationships between educational policy (national, state, district, and school level), school organization, teacher commitment, and the quality of classroom instruction. Dr. Jeffrey A. Ciesla is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. from The State University of New York at Buffalo in 2004. His major research interests include the effects of ruminative thought and stressful life events on depressive disorders. Beth LaGrange, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her current research interests include depression and the development of depressive cognitive style in children and adolescents. Dr. Farrah M. Jacquez is a Postdoctoral fellow in pediatric psychology at the Mailman Center for Child Development at the University of Miami. She received her Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in 2006. Her major research interests include parenting in the context of poverty and developing community-based interventions for underserved children and families. Ashley Q. Pineda, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University and is currently completing her internship at the Children’s Hospital at Stanford University. Her major research interests include examining the reciprocal relations between parenting behaviors, depressive cognitions, and childhood depression. Alanna E. Truss, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her major research and clinical interests include developmental factors in internalizing disorders in children and adolescents and the effects of trauma on children and families. Amy S. Folmer is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. She received her B.A. from The University of Texas in 2003. Her major research interests include cognitive developmental factors that influence the applicability of adult cognitive models of depression to children. 相似文献
Danielle H. DallaireEmail: |
Dr. Danielle H. Dallaire is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at The College of William and Mary. She received her Ph.D. from Temple University in 2003. Her major research interests include children’s social and emotional development and promoting resiliency in children and families in high risk environments, particularly children and families dealing with parental incarceration. Dr. David A. Cole is a Professor in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. He received his Ph.D. from The University of Houston in 1983. His major research interests center around developmental psychopathology in general and childhood depression in particular. Dr. Thomas M. Smith is an Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Education at Vanderbilt University, Peabody College. He received his Ph.D. in 2000 from The Pennsylvania State University. Professor Smith’s current research agenda focuses on the organization of teaching quality, exploring relationships between educational policy (national, state, district, and school level), school organization, teacher commitment, and the quality of classroom instruction. Dr. Jeffrey A. Ciesla is an Assistant Professor in the Psychology Department at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. from The State University of New York at Buffalo in 2004. His major research interests include the effects of ruminative thought and stressful life events on depressive disorders. Beth LaGrange, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her current research interests include depression and the development of depressive cognitive style in children and adolescents. Dr. Farrah M. Jacquez is a Postdoctoral fellow in pediatric psychology at the Mailman Center for Child Development at the University of Miami. She received her Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in 2006. Her major research interests include parenting in the context of poverty and developing community-based interventions for underserved children and families. Ashley Q. Pineda, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University and is currently completing her internship at the Children’s Hospital at Stanford University. Her major research interests include examining the reciprocal relations between parenting behaviors, depressive cognitions, and childhood depression. Alanna E. Truss, M.S., is a Doctoral candidate in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Her major research and clinical interests include developmental factors in internalizing disorders in children and adolescents and the effects of trauma on children and families. Amy S. Folmer is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. She received her B.A. from The University of Texas in 2003. Her major research interests include cognitive developmental factors that influence the applicability of adult cognitive models of depression to children. 相似文献
230.
Important research programs within New Institutional Economics advance culturalist arguments to explain failures of economic
development. Focusing on the work of Douglass C. North and Avner Greif, this article argues that such arguments rely on an
essentialist conception of culture that is both historically inaccurate and analytically misleading. Greif’s work in particular
rests on a selective use of empirical data that ultimately distorts the deductive models that are at the core of his work.
As a result, both scholars use culture to account for outcomes that are more adequately explained as the product of social
conflict and political struggles—struggles in which culture plays a far more contingent and destabilizing role than the one
they attribute to it. What is needed, I argue, is to link arguments about the persistence of inefficient institutions with
a sociologically informed conception of culture as an ensemble of resources that enhance rather than constrain the scope of individual agency. To come to terms with the effects of culture on institutional formation
and change it is necessary to replace the essentialism articulated by North and Greif with a strategic-instrumentalist view
in which culture is compatible with a wide spectrum of economic behaviors, individual actions, and thus institutional trajectories.
Steven Heydemann is a political scientist whose research focuses on democratization and economic reform in the Middle East, and on the relationship between institutions and economic development more broadly. Heydemann received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1990. He is currently vice president of the Grant and Fellowships Program of the U.S. Institute of Peace, and adjunct professor at Georgetown University. From 2003 to 2007, he directed the Georgetown University Center for Democracy and Civil Society. He is the author of Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social Conflict, 1946–1970 (Cornell University Press 1999), and the editor of War, Institutions and Social Change in the Middle East (University of California Press 2000), and of Networks of Privilege in the Middle East: The Politics of Economic Reform Reconsidered (Palgrave 2004). 相似文献
Steven HeydemannEmail: |
Steven Heydemann is a political scientist whose research focuses on democratization and economic reform in the Middle East, and on the relationship between institutions and economic development more broadly. Heydemann received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1990. He is currently vice president of the Grant and Fellowships Program of the U.S. Institute of Peace, and adjunct professor at Georgetown University. From 2003 to 2007, he directed the Georgetown University Center for Democracy and Civil Society. He is the author of Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social Conflict, 1946–1970 (Cornell University Press 1999), and the editor of War, Institutions and Social Change in the Middle East (University of California Press 2000), and of Networks of Privilege in the Middle East: The Politics of Economic Reform Reconsidered (Palgrave 2004). 相似文献