The organizational justice effect among criminal justice employees: A meta-analysis*

Organizational justice has been shown to be an important predictor of criminal justice employees’ work-related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. In this study, we take stock of the organizational justice effect on criminal justice employees’ work outcomes by subjecting the literature to a meta-analysis. Multilevel modeling based on 1,924 effect size estimates drawn from 143 studies (95 independent data sets) was used to establish the empirical status of the organizational justice effect. The results indicate a sizeable relationship between organizational justice and justice system employee work outcomes (Mz = .256, CI = [.230, .283]). The findings also demonstrate that the organizational justice effect size varies slightly across several methodological variations. Specifically, the organizational justice effect size is larger when the concept is measured with scales that contain survey items tapping into all four dimensions of justice. Also, we found that outcome type, presence of confounding mechanisms, research design, and sample characteristics moderate the justice effect. We conclude that organizational justice theory is a useful framework for developing a more theoretically informed understanding of justice system employees’ work outcomes. We discuss the theoretical implications of the meta-analytic findings and avenues for future research based on the results.     

俄罗斯养老金制度改革评析

俄罗斯养老金制度起源于前苏维埃时期。前苏联解体后,俄罗斯政府为了适应市场经济发展的需要,改革了国家集中管理的养老保险制度,实行了资金来源多样化的、重视效率并兼顾公平的社会保障模式。新的养老金制度支付体系的实施,表明俄罗斯基本建立起了社会化的养老保险制度框架。政府预算开支已经显著降低,依靠社会集资占据主导地位。但是2000年以前的养老金制度实质上仍是前苏联时期的现收现支体系的翻版。从2001年12月起,《俄罗斯联邦强制养老保险法》、《俄罗斯联邦国家养老保障法》和《俄罗斯联邦劳动养老金法》同时开始生效。这标志着俄罗斯的养老保障体制改革进入了一个更加完备的有法律保障的发展阶段。     

Characterization of condom lubricant components using Raman spectroscopy and Raman chemical imaging

A condom can be described as a protective sheath used as a contraceptive or to protect against sexually transmitted diseases. However, individuals also use condoms during the commission of sexual assaults to prevent identification through deposited biological material. Raman spectroscopy offers a novel approach to identifying the presence of condom lubricant components. Furthermore, Raman chemical imaging expands on conventional Raman spectroscopy to characterize multiple condom lubricant components simultaneously in a manner that effectively demonstrates heterogeneous sample mixtures both spectrally and spatially. Known reference materials, liquid and solid lubricant components of common condom brands were successfully characterized using Raman dispersive spectroscopy and Raman chemical imaging without extensive sample preparation inherent to other analytical methods. The characterization of these materials demonstrates the potential of this technique to become a routine screening method for condom lubricants. This preliminary investigation provides a basis for future studies to determine the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy and Raman chemical imaging for condom lubricant trace detection in case type samples.     

Mandating insurance offers for low-wage workers: an evaluation of labor market effects

Employing a simultaneous model of part-time status, health insurance offers, and wages, we examine the impacts on employment and health insurance coverage of nondiscrimination rules in the tax code governing employer-sponsored health insurance. Using 1988 and 1993 Employee Benefits Supplements to the Current Population Surveys and variations in health insurance premiums and minimum wages, we find that health insurance coverage among low-wage primary earners is increased by at most 31 percent by the policy, at a cost of an estimated 0.8-5.4-percentage-point decrease in full-time employment for low-wage workers.     

20世纪美国的文化渗透与苏联剧变

苏联解体与美国的文化渗透存在着因果关系。在思想源头上推行意识形态弱化论、在文化源头上动摇传统俄语语言规范、在学术研究上推动全球化理论问题研究热潮、在大众生活领域抢占文化生活空间、在国家政治策略上实施非暴力政权更迭战略,是美国对苏联文化渗透的主要手段和表现形式。其突出特点是形式温和、手段细腻、影响广泛、过程持久、途径便捷、外呼内应。     

高校“双带头人”教师党支部书记工作室建设路径探析——以河南城建学院为例

开展“双带头人”培育工作是提升高等院校基层党组织思想政治工作能力的重要载体和抓手,是引导教师党支部书记做好“双带头人”的一种长期性、基础性工程。目前,高校“双带头人”工作室建设在重视程度、培训体系、体制机制等方面存在一些问题。要通过强化思想引领,明晰职责定位;严格选配标准,开展分类培训;完善考校体系,制订激励机制等措施推动高校“双带头人”教师党支部书记工作室建设。     

公安院校毕业生言语理解与表达能力之训练分析

公务员考试作为公安院校学生竞争岗位的一个平台,已经引起学生及社会的足够重视。言语理解与表达是公务员考试必考内容之一,并且在公务员考试中起着基础性的作用。文章分析了言语理解与表达的形式与内容,介绍了一些必要方法和技巧,通过综合训练使考生最终能达到在考场上快速准确做题的目的。希望能为公安院校学生在公务员备考方面起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

隐孢子虫鼠基因型CP15基因真核表达质粒的构建及在Hela细胞中的表达

为了构建隐孢子虫鼠基因型CP15基因的重组真核表达质粒,检测其重组质粒在Hela细胞中的表达。采用PCR方法,从pMD18-T-CP15菌液中扩增了CP15及含寡聚脱氧核苷酸(CpG-ODN)的CP15基因,酶切测序鉴定;将该基因亚克隆至pVAX1载体中,用脂质体介导的方法转染Hela细胞,RT-PCR法、间接免疫荧光法和Western-blot法检测表达蛋白的生物学活性。结果显示,扩增了约360 bp和380 bp的隐孢子虫鼠基因型CP15和含CpG-ODN的CP15基因,酶切测序鉴定成功构建了pVAX1-CP15和含有CpG-ODN的重组真核表达质粒pVAX1-C-CP15。转染Hela细胞后,用RT-PCR法检测到外源基因有效的转录,用间接免疫荧光、SDS-PAGE和Western-blot法检测到外源基因的有效表达。结果表明,构建的重组真核表达质粒能够在Hela细胞中成功转录和表达,并且表达产物具有良好的免疫活性。这为下一步深入研制具有高保护性的隐孢子虫核酸疫苗奠定了基础。