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111.
Strasser S Zink A Kada G Hinterdorfer P Peschel O Heckl WM Nerlich AG Thalhammer S 《Forensic science international》2007,170(1):8-14
We present a new tool for the estimation of the age of bloodstains, which could probably be used during forensic casework. For this, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) for high-resolution imaging of erythrocytes in a blood sample and the detection of elasticity changes on a nanometer scale. For the analytic procedure we applied a fresh blood spot on a glass slide and started the AFM detection after drying of the blood drop. In a first step, an overview image was generated showing the presence of several red blood cells, which could easily be detected due to their typical "doughnut-like" appearance. The consecutively morphological investigations in a timeframe of 4 weeks could not show any alterations. Secondly, AFM was used to test the elasticity by recording force-distance curves. The measurements were performed immediately after drying, 1.5 h, 30 h and 31 days. The conditions were kept constant at room temperature (20 degrees C) and a humidity of 30%. The obtained elasticity parameters were plotted against a timeline and repeated several times. The elasticity pattern showed a decrease over time, which are most probably influenced by the alteration of the blood spot during the drying and coagulation process. The preliminary data demonstrates the capacity of this method to use it for development of calibration curves, which can be used for estimation of bloodstain ages during forensic investigations. 相似文献
112.
Katja Volz M.Sc. Lisa‐Marie Bahr M.Sc. Markus Heinrichs Ph.D. Dieter Vaitl Ph.D. Wolfgang Ambach Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(5):1419-1428
An approach toward detecting hidden knowledge is the Concealed Information Test (CIT). It relies on the memory of crime‐relevant information. This study investigated whether its validity is susceptible to memory distortion by misleading information. A misleading information paradigm was employed to distort memory prior to an interrogation with a CIT. Forty‐one participants watched a video with specific crime‐related information. After a 1‐week retention interval, misleading information was introduced. Afterward, a CIT was performed, followed by a threefold memory test. When misleading information was presented, memory performance was reduced, and no physiological response differences between crime‐relevant and crime‐irrelevant information were found. Without presenting misleading information, physiological responses differed between responses to crime‐relevant and crime‐irrelevant information. However, responses in all physiological measures also differed between misleading and irrelevant information. The results indicate that the CIT is susceptible to misleading information, which reduces its validity in specific constellations. 相似文献
113.
Wolfgang Merkel 《Berliner Journal für Soziologie》2001,11(2):135-157
Der Aufsatz verbindet die normative Diskussion über Soziale Gerechtigkeit in der politischen Philosophie mit empirischen Ergebnissen aus der Sozialstaatsforschung. Damit verknüpft er zwei Diskussionsstränge, die bisher meist isoliert voneinander verlaufen sind. Die Argumentation wird über die Beantwortung von vier Fragen entfaltet. Der normativen Frage: welche regulativen Leitideen liefert die Gerechtigkeitsdebatte in der politischen Philosophie? Der handlungstheoretischen Frage: welche Urteilskriterien und Handlungspräferenzen lassen sich für eine gerechtigkeitsorientierte Politik gewinnen? Der empirischen Frage: Wie lassen sich die drei Welten des Wohlfahrtskapitalismus auf dem Hintergrund der hierarchisch geordneten Gerechtigkeitskriterien beurteilen? Sowie schließlich der institutionellen Frage: welche institutionelle Logik eine (notwendig gewordene) Reform des Sozialstaats tragen soll, wenn diese gleichzeitig sozial gerecht sein und eine realistische Aussicht auf ihre Verwirklichung haben soll. 相似文献
114.
115.
Robert D. Latzman Kim L. Gratz John Young Laurie J. Heiden John D. Damon Terry L. Hight 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(3):270-280
Despite the clinical relevance of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) among youth, little is known about the subset
of youth most at-risk for SITB. This study examined the moderating roles of gender, racial/ethnic background, and school-level
(and their interactions) on rates of SITB within a large (N = 2638, 52.2% female), ethnically-diverse sample of middle- and high-school youth in a relatively poor and underserved area
of the Southern United States. Extending extant research in this area, findings indicated a significant interaction between
gender and race for self-injurious behaviors, with African–American boys reporting higher rates than all other groups. Findings
also indicated significant interactions between school-level and both gender and race for self-injurious thoughts. Whereas
comparable levels of self-injurious thoughts were reported across middle- and high-schools for girls and African–American
youth, the frequency of these thoughts was higher among both boys and White students in high-school (vs. middle-school). Results
highlight the need for further research on SITB among diverse youth in underserved areas. 相似文献
116.
Wolfgang Leininger 《Public Choice》2009,140(3-4):341-356
We define an indirect evolutionary approach formally and apply it to (Tullock) contests. While it is known that the direct evolutionary approach in the form of finite population ESS yields more aggressive behavior than in Nash equilibrium, it is now shown that the indirect evolutionary approach yields the same more aggressive behavior, too. This holds for any population size N, if the evolution of preferences is determined by behavior in two-player contests. The evolutionarily stable preferences (ESP) of the indirect approach turn out to be negatively interdependent, thereby “rationalizing” the more aggressive behavior. 相似文献
117.
118.
Dirk Meissner Wolfgang Polt Nicholas S. Vonortas 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2017,42(5):1184-1211
This paper considers the changes in the concept of innovation during recent decades and the degree to which such changes have been of significance to innovation policy. We observe that: (1) the notion of innovation in research, statistics, and policy is becoming increasingly broad; (2) while this broader notion is conceptually more adequate for understanding the complexity of innovation activity, it also makes it increasingly difficult to gain a clear, unambiguous picture of innovation activity; (3) policy concepts built upon this extended understanding of innovation are becoming more complex in terms of governance capacities, coordination capabilities, and evidence-based policy formulation. The broad perception of innovation will, in fact, require substantial innovations in political and administrative systems to apply. 相似文献
119.
Wolfgang Luthard 《Swiss Political Science Review》1999,5(2):155-166
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Aspekten der steuerungstheoretischen Debatte. In traditioneller Hinsicht wurde, insbesondere ausgeprägt in der kontinentaleuropäischen Diskussion, den staatlichen Administrationen eine steuerungspolitische Bedeutung beigemessen. Heute geht es jedoch darum, sich auf die steuerungspolitischen Fähigkeiten zu beziehen, die in grossen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystemen angelegt sind und Überlegungen über die Qualität von "gesellschaftlicher Selbstkoordination und -steuerung" anzustellen. Es zeigt sich ferner, wie bedeutsam die in Verhandlungssystemen (Föderalismus; Europäische Union) angelegten, polyvalenten steuerungspolitischen Potentiale und Instrumente sind. 相似文献
120.
An ESI MS/MS library of 800 compounds has been developed and a collection of data is now available for Analyst 1.4 and higher. Compounds include forensically important drugs, such as illegal drugs, some deuterated analogues, hypnotics, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, antidepressants and many others. For setting up the library of product ion spectra, 20-200 ng of the compounds have been injected either by flow injection or via a short LC-column, the precursor ions were chosen from the Q1 scan spectra, and product ion spectra were generated by CID in the collision cell using three different collision energies (20, 35 and 50 eV). Three spectra of each compound have been collected and compound names, CAS numbers, formulas and molecular weights have been added in the database, which has been generated by the Analyst software. The library can be used for compound identification during general unknown screening analysis by combination of Q1 scan techniques and subsequent MS/MS analysis in a second analytical run. Quantitative procedures for multi drug analysis using Multiple Reaction Monitoring can be established by selection of product ions and suitable collision energies from the library. For publication of the spectra, PDF-files have been generated and can be viewed on-line as supplementary data or from the website in alphabetical order: (supplementary data, should be made available via ELSEVIER-WEBSITE or via ). 相似文献