日粮核苷酸对机体炎症抗炎症平衡体系的影响

为探讨日粮核苷酸对小鼠炎症/抗炎症平衡体系的作用,用CpG DNA和脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠构建炎症反应模型,观察分别饲喂无核苷酸(NF)日粮和核苷酸(NT)日粮小鼠的炎性细胞因子IL-1、IFN-γ、抗炎性细胞因子IL-10水平和小肠髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性变化。结果显示,在刺激后第4 h时,NT组小鼠的IL-1(P<0.05)、IFN-γ(P<0.01)和小肠MPO(P<0.01)明显低于NF组,IL-10(P>0.05)高于NF组;刺激后第18 h时,NT与NF组的IL-1(P<0.01)、IFN-γ(P<0.01)I、L-10(P>0.05)和MPO(P<0.01)均较刺激后第4 h有所降低,NT组的IL-1(P>0.05)、IFN-γ(P<0.05)和小肠MPO(P<0.05)仍低于NF组,IL-10(P>0.05)仍高于NF组。表明,日粮核苷酸对CpG DNA或LPS所诱导的炎症反应有明显的抑制作用,有助于维持机体炎症/抗炎症平衡,保护机体免受炎症损伤。     

Globalization and Prison Privatization: Why Are Most of the World's For-Profit Adult Prisons to Be Found in the American South?

For a generation, students of comparative public policy and international politics have argued that global market discipline and the increasing mobility of international "best practices" have given rise to policy convergence at the global level. This paper uses the American case to investigate some of the forces thought to have given rise to the spread of private prisons. It finds that while there are prisons in a number of countries, the evidence of convergence is thin and seems to suggest that the core of the prison privatization is in the American South. It then examines several theories—the political economy of the prison boom and overcrowding, globalization theory, the politics of the new right and the idea of a "prison-industrial complex"—that have been used to explain prison privatization and the extent to which they are consistent with the empirical pattern. Each takes us some way to understanding that pattern, but none can provide a clear theoretical mapping.     

毛泽东的创新与毛泽东思想

毛泽东是创新的光辉典范。没有毛泽东的创新,就不可能有毛泽东思想。毛泽东的创新主要表现在黑暗和落后的旧中国如何闯出一条革命和建设的新路。反对教条主义和坚持马克思主义的革命原理,是毛泽东创新坚持的两个基本点。     

新农村建设背景下的农村地区传统知识保护

新农村建设为农村地区的传统知识保护工作明确了指导思想,加强农村地区传统知识保护和利用,需要完善法制建设,发挥基层组织作用,鼓励科学合作研究,提高农民素质水平和保护意识,探索传统知识商业化运作模式。     

A New Method for the Characterization of the Degree of Fire Damage to Gypsum Wallboard for Use in Fire Investigations

A new method to characterize the degree of fire damage to gypsum wallboard is introduced, implemented, and tested to determine the efficacy of its application among novices. The method was evaluated by comparing degree of fire damage assessments of novices with and without the method. Thirty-nine “novice” raters assessed damage to a gypsum wallboard surface, completing 66 ratings, first without the method, and then again using the method. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated for ratings of damage without and with the method. For novice fire investigators rating degree of damage without the aid of the method, ICC(1,2) = 0.277 with 95% CI (0.211, 0.365), and with the method, ICC(2,1) = 0.593 with 95% CI (0.509, 0.684). Results indicate that the raters were more reliable in their analysis of the degree of fire damage when using the method, which support the use of standardized processes to decrease the variability in data collection and interpretation.     

The Elusive Backfire Effect: Mass Attitudes’ Steadfast Factual Adherence

Political Behavior - Can citizens heed factual information, even when such information challenges their partisan and ideological attachments? The “backfire effect,” described by Nyhan...