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161.
While the Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA) establishes a bright-line jurisdictional amount in controversy for removing cases from state to federal court, calculating that quantitative threshold in practice is a fraught and heavily litigated exercise. This article examines removals under CAFA to show the substantial lack of clarity in how state-law causes of action and damage claims interact to reach the jurisdictional threshold. It compiles cases illustrating the challenges surrounding removal litigation that flow from these uncertainties, particularly in how the structure of CAFA incentivizes defendants to chain together tail-event precedent to inflate theoretical amounts in controversy. It then applies a Coasean analysis to suggest these uncertainties impede efficient resolutions to litigation. Finally, it suggests a series of practical amendments to CAFA and its interpretive case law that would provide clarity, decrease forum-selection litigation, and enhance the efficacy of class litigation. 相似文献
162.
A New Method for the Characterization of the Degree of Fire Damage to Gypsum Wallboard for Use in Fire Investigations 下载免费PDF全文
Gregory E. Gorbett M.S. Sarah M. Morris M.S. Brian J. Meacham P.E. Ph.D. Christopher B. Wood P.E. J.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S193-S196
A new method to characterize the degree of fire damage to gypsum wallboard is introduced, implemented, and tested to determine the efficacy of its application among novices. The method was evaluated by comparing degree of fire damage assessments of novices with and without the method. Thirty-nine “novice” raters assessed damage to a gypsum wallboard surface, completing 66 ratings, first without the method, and then again using the method. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated for ratings of damage without and with the method. For novice fire investigators rating degree of damage without the aid of the method, ICC(1,2) = 0.277 with 95% CI (0.211, 0.365), and with the method, ICC(2,1) = 0.593 with 95% CI (0.509, 0.684). Results indicate that the raters were more reliable in their analysis of the degree of fire damage when using the method, which support the use of standardized processes to decrease the variability in data collection and interpretation. 相似文献
163.
Stephen Houghton David Lawrence Simon C. Hunter Michael Rosenberg Corinne Zadow Lisa Wood Trevor Shilton 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2018,47(11):2453-2467
Adolescents are constantly connected with each other and the digital landscape through a myriad of screen media devices. Unprecedented access to the wider world and hence a variety of activities, particularly since the introduction of mobile technology, has given rise to questions regarding the impact of this changing media environment on the mental health of young people. Depressive symptoms are one of the most common disabling health issues in adolescence and although research has examined associations between screen use and symptoms of depression, longitudinal investigations are rare and fewer still consider trajectories of change in symptoms. Given the plethora of devices and normalisation of their use, understanding potential longitudinal associations with mental health is crucial. A sample of 1,749 (47% female) adolescents (10–17 years) participated in six waves of data collection over two years. Symptoms of depression, time spent on screens, and on separate screen activities (social networking, gaming, web browsing, TV/passive) were self-reported. Latent growth curve modelling revealed three trajectories of depressive symptoms (low-stable, high-decreasing, and low-increasing) and there were important differences across these groups on screen use. Some small, positive associations were evident between depressive symptoms and later screen use, and between screen use and later depressive symptoms. However, a Random Intercept Cross Lagged Panel Model revealed no consistent support for a longitudinal association. The study highlights the importance of considering differential trajectories of depressive symptoms and specific forms of screen activity to understand these relationships. 相似文献
164.
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.
1. Jurisdictions of the world
2. Legal families for the purposes of financial law
3. Characteristics of measurement criteria
4. General financial law criteria
5. Application of general criteria to legal systems
6. Legal and political infrastructure as a criterion
7. Commonality of underlying regulatory law
8. Criteria for measuring regulatory law
Identity and independence of regulators Codification of the law Criminalization of the law Xenophobia and protectionism Degree of investor protection Freedom index
9. Comparison of the US and the UK
10. Background influences on the regulatory regime
相似文献
It is the policy of this Journal to only publish material thathas not been published previously. However, an exception hasbeen made with this article as the work from which it has beendrawn has only recently published. This article is taken fromPhilip Wood's Regulation of International Finance, one of aseries of nine works by Philip Wood on the law of practice ofInternational Finance, published by Sweet & Maxwell in 2007.Philip Wood is a member of the Editorial Board of Capital MarketsLaw Journal. Many readers of Capital Markets Law Journal aroundthe world will not have had the chance to read this very topicalarticle which is of exceptional quality and Capital MarketsLaw Journal is very pleased to make it available to the widercapital markets community. TheEditorsKey points
- This article examines the criteria which might usefullybe
. . . [Full Text of this Article]
165.
Retribution, Crime Reduction and the Justification of Punishment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
166.
For a generation, students of comparative public policy and international politics have argued that global market discipline and the increasing mobility of international "best practices" have given rise to policy convergence at the global level. This paper uses the American case to investigate some of the forces thought to have given rise to the spread of private prisons. It finds that while there are prisons in a number of countries, the evidence of convergence is thin and seems to suggest that the core of the prison privatization is in the American South. It then examines several theories—the political economy of the prison boom and overcrowding, globalization theory, the politics of the new right and the idea of a "prison-industrial complex"—that have been used to explain prison privatization and the extent to which they are consistent with the empirical pattern. Each takes us some way to understanding that pattern, but none can provide a clear theoretical mapping. 相似文献
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Political Behavior - Can citizens heed factual information, even when such information challenges their partisan and ideological attachments? The “backfire effect,” described by Nyhan... 相似文献