Forensic Application of Analytical Mechanics in Fatal Fall From a Height

Fatal fall from a height initiated with a swinging motion on the sagittal plane of the victim's body is examined. Method of analytical mechanics is adopted to establish the functional relations between the swinging angle of the body and the force needed to sustain the body until release, and the amount of the horizontal displacement that would occur after release. The analysis is applied to support an expert opinion presented in a criminal court in which two accused were convicted of murder for dropping a female victim from a bridge. The results indicate that it is unlikely for the body to locate as recorded by the police investigation report in the case. This study demonstrates that a straightforward mechanical analysis can be utilized to examine uncommon falling scenarios.     

孤残儿童家庭寄养政策研究

孤残儿童家庭寄养政策是我国近年来探索社会福利社会化改革中的一项重要尝试。这种新型的孤残儿童照顾模式,一方面体现了“以儿童为中心”的照顾理念,另一方面,又能整合社会资源,实现社会福利的社会化。     

户外运动与青少年全面发展

国家与国家前途与未来的竞争,是综合国力的竞争,是人的竞争,从一定意义上讲也是青少年一代综合素质的竞争。本文认为,有组织、有计划地在青少年群体中推广在户外环境中开展的以集体实践活动为主要形式,以包括定向越野、郊游、野外露营、野外生存能力训练、野外物种及自然知识的学习考察、户外社会实践和各类体能拓展为主要内容的青少年户外运动,对提高青少年综合素质、促进青少年全面发展具有重要的战略意义。     

REACH: A Step Change in the Management of Chemicals

The EU has regulated chemicals since the late 1960s using both general and sectoral legislation, and exposure-based, hazard-based and risk-based decisions. A new proposal from the European Commission – on the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) – will build on the experiences of the existing legislation and introduce some new concepts in the management of chemicals. This article is aimed at assessing the current chemical control mechanisms in the EU and those put forward in REACH to demonstrate how REACH is a new paradigm in chemicals management. REACH will carry forward today's experience and approach to the management of chemicals in the EU and introduces some novel aspects, such as utilizing market-based mechanisms and putting into operation the 'substitution principle'.     

RICO: The genesis of an idea

In 1970, the Congress enacted the Organized Crime Control Act. Title IX of the 1970 Act is the Racketeer Influence and Corrupt Organization Act or RICO. This Act had its origins in legislation going back as far as 1934, but coming forward to 1961. The 1970 Act borrowed ideas from this earlier legislation, principally “enterprise,” but also the use predicate statutes to define “racketeering activity.” The ideas are not new, but their combination affects how prosecutors and law enforcement agents investigate, try, and sanction violations of the Act. RICO’s drafting also reflects organizational theory and economic analysis. The investigation and prosecution of a single crime committed by an individual on a single day and in a single place maybe done using one set of procedural and evidentiary rules. Nevertheless, the investigation and prosecution of patterns of diverse offenses committed by, through, and against licit and illicit enterprises require sophisticated procedures, evidentiary rules, and criminal sanctions. In addition, antisocial conduct is more than a challenge to the administration of criminal justice; it also requires the full panoply of civil sanctions, including public injunctions as well private enforcement of injunctive relief and treble damages. RICO has had a profound effect on the prosecution of organized crime, white-collar crime, and other forms of similar criminal behavior. William J. & Dorothy K. O’Neill Professor of Law, Notre Dame Law School; A.B. 1957, University of Notre Dame; J.D. 1960, Notre Dame Law School. Professor Blakey was the Chief Counsel of the Subcommittee on Criminal Laws and Procedures of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary in 1969-70 when the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, Pub. L. No. 91-542, 84 Stat. 922 (1970) was processed, Title IX of which is the Racketeer Influence and Corrupt Organization Act or RICO. For a general treatment of the statute from a variety of perceptive, see the collection of law review literature in G. Robert Blakey & Kevin Roddy, “Reflections on Reves v. Ernst & Young: Its Meaning an Impact on Substantive, Accessory, Aiding, Abetting and Conspiracy Liability under RICO,” 33 Amer. Crim. L. Rev. 1345, 1348 n. 3(1996).     

构建中国特色公安哲学的基本立足点

随着中国的崛起,国家安全结构和经济利益格局正在发生改变,中国公安面临一些矛盾和压力是显而易见的.党的十六届四中全会提出构建社会主义和谐社会的目标,全国"二十公"提出重视社会科学在公安工作中的运用,加强公安理论研究,为公安工作的长远发展提供理论支撑的要求,为构建中国特色公安哲学创造了条件,提供了可能.构建中国特色公安哲学,一要坚持马克思主义观点,立足于中华文化主体性;二要以推动建立一个和谐社会为长远目标;三要善于发掘和运用中华文化中的哲学理念;四要追求"天下太平""和谐"的社会理想主义;五要将以人为本的社会关怀作为中国公安哲学的伦理基础.     

俄罗斯进口制度、交易成本与进口替代效果

从进口政策分析可以看出,俄罗斯确实存在通过非关税障碍与禁止性关税来保护本国幼稚产业的做法。但是,从进口结构与进口替代贡献率的实证研究,可以看出并未达到预期的效果。失败的主要因素,除因消费者偏好及进口需求弹性很大外,尚有国内整体投资环境恶劣、相关法令配套措施缺乏及政策执行力差的问题,导致产生“雁行逆转效应”。并因此形成庞大的交易成本,巨大的社会损失,造成资源的浪费与社会的严重不公平。