Evaluation of a computer-assisted monitoring (CAMO) project: Some measurement issues

This article investigates the effect of Computer Assisted Monitoring of Offenders (CAMO) on probation outcome. In a comparison sample, the effect of CAMO treatment is compared to the effect of “regular” probation. In addition to testing the effects of CAMO as an intermediate treatment, methodological issues, such as level of probation restrictiveness and the effects of prior criminal involvement on probation outcome, are tested. Although the results are mixed, they indicate that level of probation restrictiveness and prior criminal involvement have a greater effect on probation outcome than does CAMO. These findings have ramifications for researchers comparing CAMO probationers to “regular” probationers and for those comparing different CAMO programs. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Western Social Science Association’s 1992 annual conference.     

The use of phosphate buffered saline for the recovery of cells and spermatozoa from swabs.

In the forensic science laboratory, the recovery of spermatozoa from vaginal swabs, or vaginal cells from penile swabs, can help determine if sexual intercourse may have taken place. There are several methods used to recover spermatozoa and cells from the swabs before visualisation on a microscope slide and most of these methods use water. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is a non-toxic solution used in many biological laboratories. Unlike water, PBS prevents cells rupturing or shrivelling up due to osmosis. This study demonstrates that PBS can be used for the extraction of spermatozoa and cells from swabs and that PBS does not affect subsequent DNA profiling.     

当前中国司法改革的三大误区

当前中国司法改革存在着三大误区,即司法机关中心化、突破现行立法进行改革、司法机关各自为政.论文分析了三大误区在实践中的表象、成因及弊端,提出了应确立"法律至上"与"以民(人)为本"两个基本理念,同时应尽快成立全国统一的司法改革委员会.     

锐意进取,整合共荣——从宿务峰会看东盟一体化建设与内外政策发展

受台风影响而被推迟的第12届东盟首脑会议和第2届东亚峰会终于在1月13-15日在菲律宾第二大城市宿务举行.会上,东盟10国领导人做出三大历史性决定:提前5年建成东盟共同体、启动东盟宪章制定进程和通过《东盟反恐公约》.从中不难看出,东盟在深化合作、长远规划和制度化建设方面正在迈向更快、更紧密的一体化新层次.     

Toxicologic findings in the USS Iowa disaster.

The toxicologic results from the 47 victims of the explosion on the USS Iowa are presented. Good correlation between carboxyhemoglobin saturations and cause of death was found. There were no correlations between blood cyanide concentrations and causes of death. Volatile analysis suggested postmortem ethanol production rather than antemortem ethanol ingestion. No drugs except nicotine were detected in any of the victims.     

When siting works, Canada-style.

Hazardous waste management poses increasing problems for Canadian provinces and American states, given the vast quantities and types of wastes generated and the virtual inability to open new storage, treatment, or disposal facilities. The Canadian experience is very similar to the American one in many respects, except for the fact that three provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec) have devised alternative approaches to siting that appear successful in moving beyond the political gridlock so common on this issue. In each of these cases, traditional, top-down approaches to siting have been eschewed in favor of a more comprehensive approach that includes extensive public participation, economic and social compensation packages, formal partnerships between public and private organizations, and direct links between siting proposals and other aspects of waste management, including waste reduction, recycling, and export/import control.     

人民陪审制的价值及改革

人民陪审制是法治与民主的一个连结点,有助于司法程序和裁判结果的正当化,有助于公民对审判活动直接有效的监督,也是法治精神向社会渗透的有效途径。但是我国人民陪审制度的适用和发展欠缺一个平稳的社会环境,法律对人民陪审制度的规定缺乏连续性,法律对陪审员的职权设定同其专业素质要求存在内在矛盾,法律对人民陪审制度规定不完备,导致目前人民陪审制度在法律地位上的可有可无。应该完善人民陪审员的产生过程,优化陪审员的结构,增加参加合议庭的陪审员人数,加强人民陪审员的管理和培训,从而完善人民陪审制。     

关于县（市、区）司法局和司法所职能、机构、人员编制配置问题的初步思考

伴随着我国改革开放和经济社会发展的历史进程,作为我国基层政权和政法组织体系重要组成部分的县(市、区)司法局和司法所逐步组建起来,其工作职能不断充实和强化、机构设置进一步规范、人员编制逐步增加,在推进基层民主法制建设、维护群众切身利益、保障经济社会发展方面的重要     

Logical evaluation of evidence when a person is suspected of committing two separate offences.

We consider the problem of drawing inferences within a legal framework when a person is a suspect for two separate offences. Although we are primarily concerned with scientific evidence the issue inevitably arises as to how that evidence interacts with other, non-scientific evidence. We show that, in this particular context, the evidence can be conveniently classified into three categories that concern, respectively: the first crime only; the second crime only; and evidence that relates to similarities between the two crimes. Two case examples are considered and we consider DNA, fibres and eyewitness evidence. These are viewed from the perspective of a prosecutor who has to decide whether or not to charge a suspect with one or both crimes. Graphical sensivity analyses are presented which have features that are not intuitively obvious.     

狱政管理研究思路新探

本文对我国狱政管理的研究思路进行了反思,认为只有从多学科的角度拓展对狱政管理的研究,才能摆脱目前我国狱政管理工作的落后状况。