The use of human skin in the fabrication of a bite mark template: two case reports

Comparison of a suspected biter's dental arches with the patterned injury of a bite mark is especially difficult when the bite occurs in an anatomic location with a small radius of curvature or with complex or compound curves. The authors present two case reports in which human skin was used as a template for the reproduction of a bite. In one case the victim's skin was used; in the other, the skin of a anatomically similar person was used. The use of inked dental casts, photography, and transparent overlays significantly reduced the errors common to analysis of bite marks in these highly curved areas.     

Identification of the driver in two-rider motorcycle accidents. Inguinal contusion-laceration as an indication of the driver

In motorcycle accidents involving two riders, medicolegal identification of the driver is necessary when one or both riders die. It is particularly important in the latter case, because the survivor almost always insists that he or she was not driving. One characteristic injury that distinguishes the driver from the passenger is inguinal contusion-laceration (accompanied internally by pelvic fracture). This injury, caused by collision of the pelvis with the fuel tank, identifies the driver.     

人民性是发展观的应有之义

20世纪末,中国的社会发展理论实现了由单纯追求物质财富的经济增长,到"以人为中心的综合发展观"的历史转变.这一追求,在邓小平理论中也有着十分鲜明而集中的体现.邓小平结合中国发展的实际,突出了发展的人民性理念,使人民性成为发展观的应有之义.落实和实践科学发展观,我们应该紧密围绕这一主旨展开.     

论现行中国宪法的权力约束机制

约束和控制国家权力,是宪法所体现的法治的本质精神.现行中国宪法在约束和控制国家权力方面已经确立了比较系统的制度.但由于现行中国宪法确权性、专政性和纲领性的特点,在很大程度上制约了中国宪法权力约束机制的发挥.中国社会主义宪政建设的任务,在于通过宪法适用,并以宪法适用为依据,完善宪法的控权性和规范性,从而推进中国宪法的权力约束机制.     

我国的刑事鉴定程序应当如何完善——以刑事诉讼法修改为切入点

刑事鉴定程序的完善是刑事诉讼法再修改的重要组成部分,是衡量刑事鉴定程序法治化程度的标准。现行刑事诉讼法关于鉴定程序的规定,至少存在如下问题:一是相互矛盾(鉴定被规定为七种侦查行为之一,而鉴定的主体却并非仅限于侦查主体);二是缺乏可操作性(如回避);三是无法可依(如鉴定人的权利义务);四是对当事人的权利保障不利(如当事人对鉴定结论的知情权)。上述问题的存在不仅剥夺或限制当事人的诉讼权利,而且无法确保鉴定结论的科学可靠性,因此有必要予以研究。     

中海油并购优尼科的政治经济学分析

2005年中海油向优尼科提出并购,最终没有成功。通过与雪佛龙四个方面的比较,可以发现中海油是在经济方面整体占优的情况下失利的。对于这起事件,如果仅仅从经济方面进行分析是不可能完整理解的,必须用政治经济学的方法进行全面分析,理解并购背后所涉及的政治因素,这些政治因素包括能源在国际政治中的作用日益突出、美国国内“中国威胁论”的泛起、美国国内政客与利益集团的影响三个方面,它们一起左右了并购的最终结果。     

浅论治安管理的体系建设

对于社会治安综合治理要有科学的头脑 ,正确分析社会主义市场经济体制在建立发展过程中的矛盾和规律 ,从立体的、动态的多层面构建预防和控制犯罪的有效体系     

A case of sudden infant death due to massive hemorrhage in primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

A case of the sudden death of a 14-month-old girl due to massive hemorrhage in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is presented along with a review of the relevant literature. PNET is a rare, malignant brain neoplasm occurring predominantly in children.     

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alpha oligonucleotide typing on biological evidence samples: casework experience.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method of specific gene amplification was used in casework to synthesize millions of copies of the polymorphic second exon of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alpha (or DQA1) locus from a variety of evidence samples. The HLA-DQ alpha allelic variants in the amplified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were determined in a rapid non-radioactive test by hybridization to sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes in both the dot-blot and reverse dot-blot formats. This genetic typing system has been subjected to blind proficiency testing; the performance of this test in the analysis of experimentally mixed samples was also evaluated. As of August 1990, over 250 cases have been tested and more than 2000 individual evidence (bloodstains, semen stains, individual hairs, bone fragments, and tissue sections) and reference samples have been analyzed. The first 198 of these cases are summarized in this paper; in 65% of the cases with conclusive results a suspect was included, and in 35%, all suspects were excluded. Individual cases as well as some of the general issues relating to forensic science analysis and this genetic typing system are discussed. The high rate of exclusion reported here combined with the ability of PCR to type old evidence samples suggests the relevance of this genetic test for postconviction review; two cases in which the convicted suspect was excluded are discussed.