知识经济的法律调整着力点初探

知识经济的运行 ,是通过知识的产权化、商品化和资本化 ,以实现知识的要素化和产业化的过程 ,与此伴随的还有知识的异化过程。法律应当以知识的产权化、商品化、资本化、要素化、产业化和异化为着力点 ,对知识经济进行调整。     

论法典是国际私法形式价值的最佳载体

本文首先从一般意义上界定了法的形式价值,即法本身所应具有的那些值得肯定或"好"的品质.在此基础上利用比较的、历史的研究方法,重点论述了国际私法形式价值的内涵及历史变迁,作者认为法典应是最能体现国际私法形式价值的载体.     

重新审视我国粗放型劳动密集产业

我国是劳动力资源大国,在国际经济贸易关系中,发展劳动密集型产业符合我国的比较优势.这里所说的劳动密集型产业是粗放型劳动密集产业,与此相联系,这里所说的比较优势是指劳动力费用低廉或劳动力成本低.但是,严格地说,权衡比较优势是不能只看成本的,还要看效率.劳动力成本的比较优势应当是劳动力资源的成本和劳动力资源的效率的综合体现.而我国劳动密集型产业所表现出来的情况是,伴随时间的推移,劳动力资源的成本呈上升趋势,劳动力资源的效率则呈下降的趋势,这就要求我们必须从战略的高度.重新审视我国粗放型劳动密集产业的比较优势与竞争优势.     

关于工会作用的再认识 ——从经济社会关系的角度看工会

社会是经济、政治、法律、伦理、宗教、文化、家庭等各种关系的多元综合体,分析任何一种社会现象都必须要认识、把握这些社会要素之间的相互作用和互相关系.从经济社会的角度,以经济关系、劳动关系和道德关系为坐标系,来认识和分析工会作为一种社会组织的特殊意义,就可以看出工会在现代经济发展和构建和谐社会中应当发挥十分重要的作用.     

Scales for perceived risk of student-on-student victimization in grades 7 through 10: A psychometric analysis of the adolescent index on school safety

Although past research has developed scales for the incidence, prevalence, and fear of student-on-student victimization (SSV), little is known about the scaling of perceived risk (i.e., the cognitive appraisal of the chances of experiencing SSV). Hence, this study examined self-report survey data for the perceived risk of SSV as measured in the Adolescent Index for School Safety (AISS). Children in grades 7 through 10 (n=337) in a single Florida public school completed the AISS. Factor analyses using Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Oblimin Rotation identified nine unique factors for perceived risk. Reliability analyses found standardized Cronbach Alphas that ranged from .64 to .91, and seven out of the nine identified scales were above .80, which suggested good to excellent internal consistency. Future research should examine the content validity, construct validity, and predictive validity for the AISS and other self-report surveys of SSV dynamics. This publication was made possible by a grant [#97-MU-FX-KO12 (S-l)] from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (O.J.J.D.P.), United States Department of Justice (U.S.D.O.J.). This grant is administered through the Hamilton Fish National Institute on School and Community Violence at George Washington University. This specific study was developed and implemented by staff at: 1) East Carolina University’s Department of Criminal Justice; and 2) Florida State University’s Center for Educational Research and Policy Studies. All points of view and opinions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of East Carolina University, Florida State University, the Hamilton Fish National Institute on School and Community Violence, the O.J.J.D.P., or the U.S.D.OJ. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Bill Doerner and Jennifer Jolley for their support, editorial feedback, and insightful comments regarding earlier drafts of this paper.     

浅谈新形势下审计执法

本文从三个方面浅谈了新形势下的审计执法：一是加强对审计法规的宣传，是做好审计执法工作的基础；二是抓好队伍建设，是做好审计工作的保证；三是围绕中心抓住重点，依法审计是做好审计工作的关键。     

Forensic psychiatry and malpractice

This paper concerning the last 87 malpractice cases referred to the Department of Psychiatry and Law, Menninger Clinic, includes 57 suits against mental health practitioners and/or institutions, and 30 nonpsychiatric suits against general hospitals, surgeons, obstetricians, etc. A patient was available for interview in only 12 percent of the psychiatric cases; in 88 percent we reviewed medical records and consulted with attorneys. In the psychiatric cases the crucial question was whether a generally accepted standard of care was breached. The inherent problems of applying appropriate criteria to standards of care by practitioners and institutions are discussed. In half the psychiatric cases we found no significant deviation from acceptable clinical performance; in half we concluded that negligent practice had occurred. We did see a litigant for evaluation in 90 percent of the nonpsychiatric cases. The main issue involving them concerned harm or disability related to presumed negligence by medical personnel. How we evaluate such cases and apply disability criteria is discussed.     

The extent of aspartic acid racemization in dentin: a possible method for a more accurate determination of age at death?

In the current study the objective was to find to what extent a reliable determination of age at death is made possible by establishing the degree of aspartic acid racemization in the dentin of teeth. The results of the investigation of 46 teeth are in agreement with the values found by other authors. The method presented makes a reproducible and accurate estimation of age possible. We intend to elaborate and improve this promising method for determination of age at death. The relevant points are presented here.     

Federal Reimbursement for Mandates on State and Local Governments

One of the remedies sought by state and local officials for the growing burden of federal mandates is a mandate reimbursement law. A major purpose of mandate reimbursement is to deter Congress from imposing excessive costs on state and local governments by making it fully accountable for its actions. The paper begins by extending the economic theory of grants to mandates and reimbursed mandates. It goes on to assess the benefits and costs of mandate reimbursement, and to distinguish mandates that should be reimbursed, should a reimbursement program prove desirable, from those that should not. Then, using the economic theory of grants and mandates, the paper compares reimbursed mandates with two alternatives for accomplishing the same objective, compensating grants and procedural rules. It concludes that the latter are more promising than mandate reimbursement.     

准确把握党员先进性的时代内涵

保持共产党员先进性,对于我们党来说,无疑是一个由来已久的任务。但是在今天,我们党把这个问题突出地提到全党同志面前,要求在全党普遍开展保持共产党员先进性教育活动,显然又具有鲜明的时代性。因此,准确把握共产党员先进性的时代内涵就成为我们在开展先进性教育活动中一个十分重要的问题。先进性是具体的、历史的。在革命战争年代,同仇敌忾、勇敢战斗、不怕牺牲、冲锋在前就是党员先进性的具体体现;在和平建设年代,党员先进性更多地体现在广大党员要吃苦在前、享乐在后、全心全意为群众谋利益等方面。可见,在不同的历史时期,对党员先进性…