公安机关“三基”工程建设的认识与思考

基层基础工作是整个公安工作的根基,是推动公安事业长远发展的基石。当前公安机关通过一年多的"三基"工程建设,取得了突出的成效,但由于公安基层工作还比较薄弱,离"三基"工程建设既定的目标还有较大的差距,要继续深入扎实的推进公安机关基层基础建设,必然要对制约公安机关基层基础建设的各种问题进行全面深入分析,并提出科学合理的对策。     

农民工权益保护与构建和谐西部

历史经验证明农民稳定是社会和谐的基础,现实案例表明保护农民工权益是构建和谐社会亟待解决的突出问题。而观念因素、行政机关执法不严、法律本身存在缺陷以及农民工自身特点是保护其权益的难点。分层次分析农民工权利,探讨保护农民工权益的举措,对构建和谐西部具有现实意义。     

阿拉山口口岸走私珍贵动物及制品案件特点与对策

阿拉山口走私珍贵动物及制品案件多发生在国际列车旅检现场。具有内外勾结、走私数量大、规模大、形成蚂蚁搬 家式的完整走私链等特点。在侦办案件中要立足口岸,深入海关业务一线;情报先导,密织情报网;注重破大案,打团伙,抓 逃犯;加强国际合作,形成打击走私的强大合力。     

在我国未成年人诉讼中引入刑事和解制度的理论基础及其合理性研究——以未成年犯作为特殊被害人为视角

将未成年人诉讼中的刑事和解制度的理论基础概括为被害人主体地位的回归、罪刑法定原则、罪刑相当原则从绝对到相对的理念转变以及恢复性理论、平衡理论或叙说理论都是存在问题的,为在我国的未成年人审判中引入刑事和解寻找一个坚实而科学的理论依据,尚需学界同仁的坚苦努力和不懈探索,在当前,可以暂且将在我国的未成年人诉讼中引入刑事和解的理论基础建构在合理性之上。     

人体颅脑贯通枪创后心肌和肺的超微结构观察

本文报告6例人体颅脑贯通枪创后2小时所取心肌和肺的超微结构变化。6例心肌及肺的超微结构基本相似。心肌最明显的变化是:Z 带排列不规则,灶性肌原迁维溶解,线粒体肿胀、基质电子密度降低和嵴消失,间质水肿。肺组织的明显变化是肺泡隔和肺间质增宽伴电子密度降低,肺泡隔毛细血管内中性粒细胞聚集,肺间质或肺泡腔内中性粒细胞浸润。本文对主要病理变化的意义和发生原理进行了讨论,认为肺间质水肿与神经源性肺水肿有关,由于伤后经过时间长短不同或有无颅内高压形成,而出现间质性水肿或肺泡内水肿。心肌的变化与缺氧有关。     

Application of HLA-DRB1 genotyping by oligonucleotide micro-array technology in forensic medicine

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is known to be the most complex polymorphic system in the human genome. Among all of the HLA loci, HLA-DRB1 has the second largest number of alleles. The purpose of this study is to develop an oligonucleotide micro-array based HLA-DRB1 typing system for use in forensic identification, anthropology, tissue transplantation, and other genetic research fields. The system was developed by analyzing the HLA-DRB1 (DRB1) genotypes in 1198 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals originating from various parts of China and residing in Shanghai, China. METHOD: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with the oligonucleotide micro-array technology was used to detect and type HLA-DRB1 alleles of the sample individuals. The reliability, sensitivity, consistency and specificity were evaluated for use in forensic identification. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was carried out by comparing the allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus with those of other Chinese Han groups, Chinese minorities and other ethnic populations. RESULTS: All the DNA samples yielded a 273 bp amplification product, with no other amplification products in this length range. The minimum quantity of DNA detected by this method is 15 ng in a PCR reaction system of 25 microl. The population studied appeared to be not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), expected probability of exclusion (PE), polymorphic information content (PIC), and discrimination power (DP) of the HLA-DRB1 locus from the Shanghai Han ethnic group were evaluated to be 0.8022, 0.8870, 0.7741, 0.8771, 0.9750, respectively. A total of 25 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified. HLA-DRB1*09XX, *04XX, *12XX and *15XX were the most frequent DRB1 alleles, which were observed in 58.76% of the sample. One hundred and sixteen genotypes were found. The five most frequent genotypes were: *04XX/*04XX (0.0626), *09XX/*09XX (0.0593), *04XX/*09XX (0.0551), *09XX/*15XX (0.0384) and *08XX/*12XX (0.0351). The meta-analysis showed that there were uniquely distributed features of DRB1 alleles among various ethnic populations and among the studied population groups from various regions with the same ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: An HLA-DRB1 genotyping system has been developed and established based on the oligonucleotide micro-array technology. The HLA-DRB1 typing of the Han population in Shanghai has revealed a relatively high heterogeneity. Information obtained in this study will be useful for medical and forensic applications as well as in anthropology research. Large-scale micro-array detection is highly accurate and reliable for DNA-based HLA-DRB1 genotyping. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1 DNA polymorphisms and the database of the Shanghai Han group have useful applications in processing forensic casework (as personal identification, paternity test), tracing population migration and genetic diagnosis.     

传统元素在中华地区婚姻法律制度上的体现

法律具有民族特性,是民族的共同意识,通过发掘传统婚姻法元素在现代法律制度的体现,能有效地增进法律制度的优势互补,增强两岸四地对中华文明的认同感,形成具有特色的、完善的中华法系.     

生成逻辑与路径选择:信访困局的政治学分析

围绕当前信访困局的争论很多,但缺乏对这一问题的实质性把握.实际上,从“国家-社会”、“中央-地方”两对关系来看,“信访之痛”是信访的功能定位与其能力地位相错位的必然结果,也是当前中国社会利益调节失灵、利益结构失衡和利益协调机制缺失的具体表现.可以说,“信访之痛”正是中国社会的“转型之痛”.因此,从根本上说,解决问题需要勇于正视利益结构失衡的现实,对利益协调、整合机制进行顶层设计和形态重构,形成制度化的渠道与方式.     

遗嘱公证若干问题探析

公证机关对遗嘱进行公证是我国继承法中规定的五种遗嘱形式之一。公证遗嘱应到公证机关依法定程度进行,在内容上不得违背国家的法律法规和社会公共利益。司法实践中遗嘱公证书生效时进行继承权公证的问题还有待法律法规的进一步完善。     

当引渡“遭遇”死刑

二战后,由于国际人权保护观念的高涨,“死刑不引渡”原则作为死刑废止论的一个表征和限制引渡的“安全阀”之一,而引人注目.当引渡“遭遇”死刑,当死刑关涉人权,当三者聚合在国际刑事司法合作中时,在保留死刑和废除死刑的国家间,造成了一些互不谅解的情况.其实,就目前世界发展状况而言,生存权仍是一种相对权,保留死刑和保障人权并不矛盾,各国应抱着求同存异的态度,协商解决矛盾,实现生存权和公共秩序保护之间的均衡.