“扶贫抗争”与农村反哺资源的分配治理——基于秦巴山区T镇的田野研究

资源反哺背景下，扶贫资源的输入对农村基层治理既是有利条件又是新的挑战。农村社会在获得扶贫资源、摆脱贫困的同时，也出现了资源分配的新问题。从秦巴山区T镇扶贫实践过程来看，扶贫抗争已经成为当前农民抗争的重要形式。与传统的日常抵抗、依法抗争相比，扶贫抗争在动因上大多起因于相对不受益，在方式上具有低烈度不满的特征，在形态上表现为弥散性氛围。对于中国农村基层治理而言，需要完善农村社会的分配治理机制，做好资源反哺的“期待控制”、协调多重面向的“分配正义”、强化基层治理的“主动回应”，以此为基础提高农村分配治理能力，完善“资源反哺—资源分配—农民满意—治理有效”的逻辑链条。     

A novel chitosan/tripolyphosphate/L‐lysine conjugates for latent fingerprints detection and enhancement

Most chemical and physical methods employed in visualizing latent marks have shown detrimental effects on human health and, therefore, some research groups have directed their attention to the utilization of various (bio)polymers with the aforementioned purpose. Although chitosan is widely used in medicine, pharmacy, food, and drug delivery systems, there are very few studies that address this biopolymer utilization in forensic applications, such as the detection of latent fingerprints. We used chitosan crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate and conjugated with L‐lysine to enhance the visualization of latent fingerprints, due to its ability to interact with fingerprint sweat residues. These conjugates were prepared using different (w/w) amounts of chitosan and tripolyphosphate (6/1; 4/1; 1/1; 1/4; and 1/6), and those with the most promising results (i.e., 6/1 formulation) were investigated in detail. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy confirmed interactions between components of the systems. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that prepared powder formulations were uniform in size and confirmed that chitosan/tripolyphosphate/lysine conjugates bind easily to the sweat and lipid residues present in the latent fingerprints. The testing of prepared conjugates demonstrated the potential of these systems as bio‐based powder substitution for commercially available powders.     

Rapid and nondestructive analysis of lipstick on different substrates using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

Lipstick can be an important piece of evidence in crimes like murders, rapes, and suicides. Due to its prevalence, it can be an important corroborative evidence in crime reconstruction. The analysis of such evidence can provide an evidentiary link between the suspect, the victim, object, or the crime scene. We report the use of nondestructive ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for the classification of 10 brands of lipsticks with nine samples each. Chemometric method of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) has been employed to interpret the data and classify the samples into their respective classes. The PLS-DA model provides an AUC figure above 0.99 in all brands except one; for which it is slightly less at 0.94. We have also tested the traces of these lipstick samples on different substrates treating them as unknowns in the already trained PLS-DA model. 100% of the samples on nine substrates viz. a cotton, nylon, plastic, dry tissue, denim (blue jeans), wet tissue, nitrile gloves, white paper, and polyester were correctly attributed to their source brand. In conclusion, the results suggest that ATR-FTIR combined with the chemometrics is a rapid, nondestructive, and accurate method for the discrimination and source attribution of lipstick. This study has potential for use in actual forensic casework conditions.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中16种抗生素

目的 建立同时分析尿液中16种抗生素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS、MS)方法.方法 以哌拉西林为内标.尿样中的目标化合物经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集、纯化,利用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱,以0.1%的甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相经梯度洗脱分离,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行分析.结果各化合物的最低...     

道德教育中的四个"交往"层次

要摆脱道德教育的实效低靡,必须打破对"交往"问题的纯粹、完美的抽象论述,从理论与现实相结合的角度来区分出交往的四个层次.进而明确正确处理道德教育中的四种交往关系,肯定四个层次的相对稳定性及差异性是前提,     

新世纪西方国家绩效审计的创新机制

本文以西方主要国家审计署网站最新资料为研究样本,利用文本分析方法对西方国家绩效审计的创新机制进行理论识别与系统分析。西方国家绩效审计的机制创新在理念上有一种否定之否定的发展趋势,在范围方面积极寻求自我突破;西方国家审计部门在指标设计方面导入自我评估主体,由此引发的困境需要进行风险降维,同时,着力通过评估保障、评估类型、评估流程和评估主体等组织实施过程提升质量,显现创新追求。     

马克思的教育哲学及其当代意义

马克思的理论旨趣似乎集中于政治经济学批判,但其最终目的乃是为了人的自由全面发展,教育是实现这一目的的重要途径之一.马克思在现代资本主义语境中对教育进行了考察,并在充分揭示现代性弊端和现代社会“人的问题”的基础上,提出了以综合技术教育为主要内容的教育哲学.这种教育思想的目的是促进社会进步,强调人与社会的和谐发展和共同进步,强调教育面向大众,与生产劳动相结合.因此,它在现代教育的问题域、教育目的以及教育中人与社会关系等内容上均超越了传统的教育思想,是一种教育革命,其对当代中国特色社会主义宏观实践以及微观的教育教学都具有重要的指导意义.马克思的“教育革命”是建立在其哲学革命——实践唯物主义和唯物史观基础之上的.     

近代日本医护队伍的发展

明治维新以后,日本大力发展医疗事业,创立了以西方医学为基础的近代医学教育和行政体系,培养了大批职业的医生、助产士和护士等医学人才。近代日本医护队伍的发展,提高了医护人员的社会地位和职业水平,推动了医学知识和卫生意识的传播和普及,为日本人口数量和质量的提高做出了卓越贡献。     

Criminal victimization in contemporary China: a review of the evidence and challenges for future research

The rapid economic growth in China over recent decades has been accompanied by higher levels of crime, but there have been few studies of the Chinese experience of criminal victimization. A recent victimization survey of a representative sample of households in Tianjin represents a major effort to fill this gap in the literature. The present paper reviews the research based on the Tianjin survey along with other studies of crime and criminal victimization in China that have been published since 1990. We summarize the major findings, discuss the theoretical perspectives and methodological strategies that have been applied, identify the limitations of the research to date, and offer suggestions for future research.

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中国共产党百年革命精神探析

中国共产党的百年历史是一部团结各族人民英勇奋斗的历史,也是一部英雄人物创造、产生和传承革命精神的历史。中国共产党的百年革命精神是大批中国共产党人在革命、建设、改革和新时代中国特色社会主义实践过程的基础上不断形成和发展起来的,是马克思主义中国化的重要组成部分,内涵丰富,影响深远。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央大力弘扬中国共产党革命精神,因此对中国共产党人百年革命精神的产生逻辑、丰富内涵和时代价值进行剖析研究,有助于更好地弘扬和发展中国共产党人的革命精神,有助于更好地指导中国特色社会主义实践。