Dirty tricks of cross-examination

A mock jury study was conducted to test the hypothesis that perceptions of a witness can be biased by presumptuous cross-examination questions. A total of 105 subjects read a rape trial in which the cross-examiner asked a question that implied something negative about the reputation of either the victim or an expert. Within each condition, the question was met with either a denial, an admission, or an objection from the witness's attorney. Results indicated that although ratings of the victim's credibility were not affected by the presumptuous question, the expert's credibility was significantly diminished—even when the question had elicited a denial or a sustained objection. Conceptual and practical implications of these findings are discussed.This research was supported by funds provided to the first author by the Bronfman Science Center.     

小儿感染与多系统器官功能衰竭──附12例临床及病理分析

本文对１２例小儿感染致多系统器官功能衰竭死亡病例进行临床及病理分析。临床表现有发热、外周血白细胞总数增高、心率增快、呼吸困难、呕吐、意识障碍、无尿等。其中发生二器官功能衰竭３例．三器官功能衰竭３例，四器官功能衰竭６例。病理学检查见多器官组织内炎细胞浸润；脏器充血、水肿、出血、ＤＩＣ形成；肠粘膜变性、坏死：淋巴免疫器官病变等。本文在形态学上进一步证实了多系统器官功能衰竭发生的炎症介质学说、微循环障碍、肠源性感染和免疫机能下降的综合作用机理。     

试论全面建设小康杜会

根据我国改革开放和现代化建设目标的要求以及我国现实条件 ,党中央提出了我国社会主义现代化建设的第三步战略目标 ,即全面建设小康社会 ,到本世纪中叶基本实现现代化。该战略目标的实现将是我国全面实现现代化建设进程中的又一里程碑。本文通过对现代化建设新阶段的内涵界定和全面建设小康社会的历史任务、现实条件的分析 ,论述了我国现代化建设事业第三步战略目标的科学性和可行性。     

论财务会计信息的诉讼价值

随着商品经济的发展和社会化大生产的形成,任何个人、单位的经济活动都不可能独立于社会经济生活之外。财务会计作为一种全社会通用的商业语言,承担着收集、加工、整理、传递各种经济信息的重要职责。财务会计信息也因此受到社会各方面的普遍关注。真实完整的财务会计信息,是政府管理部门、投资者、债权人以及社会公众宏观调控、投资决策的重要依据。错误、虚假的财务会计信息,不仅妨碍了国家宏观经济管理工作,而且也严重干扰了市场经济秩序,造成国家经济管理失控,税收流失,经济违法犯罪凸现。为此,笔者拟从法律诉讼的角度谈谈财务会计信息…     

入户抢劫司法认定若干问题研究

刑法第 2 63条将“入户抢劫”规定为抢劫罪加重处罚的 8种情形之一 ,并对其适用十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑 ,并处罚金或者没收财产这一较重的法定刑幅度。由此可见 ,入户抢劫是立法旨在严厉惩治的一种犯罪行为。由于司法实践中入户抢劫的情况比较复杂 ,因此在具体认定时 ,对“户”的范围、“入户”的非法性、暴力实施的“当场性”以及转化型入户抢劫的认定等问题上存在较大争议。本文试图通过具体案例的分析 ,对入户抢劫的认定方法作一探讨 ,以期对司法实践有所裨益。一、关于“户”的特征与范围1 有关“户”的本质特征我们认为 ,…     

信用证诈骗罪新探

信用证诈骗罪是我国修订刑法从普通诈骗罪中分离出来的新型犯罪,近年来发案率较高,危害巨大,司法机关在法律适用上存在不少疑难急议问题.本文对信用证诈骗罪犯罪的构成和认定中的若干问题予以探讨.     

中国传统"义利"观的当代启示

目前我国正处于经济的高速发展时期,由于人们对精神文明建设不同程度的忽视,致使出现了一系列不和谐的因素,从根本上讲可以归结为中国古代就有的"义利"这一范畴的相关问题。中国传统文化中"义利"思想具有很多值得我们借鉴的地方,但同时也有大量的糟粕,我们必须用马克思主义"批判的武器"对传统文化中的"义利"观进行批判、扬弃,提炼出社会主义条件下的"义利"观,用于指导我们新的实践。     

Traffic accidents and drivers suspected for drug influence

All records from the Danish Medicolegal Council concerning drivers suspected for drug influences were examined for the 5 year period 1981-1985. 461 records were included, 62 women and 399 men. In 250 cases drugs from more than one of ten groups had been taken thus making 786 combinations of drug/driving. The major drug group was benzodiazepines, accounting for 65% of all drug intake. Opioids also contributed substantially, found in 38% of the cases. A traffic accident had occurred in 180 (39%) of the records. Drivers who had been taking antidepressives were involved in an accident in 67%, significantly above the mean. For benzodiazepines, the corresponding percentage was 43%, while for opioids it was only 23%, significantly below the mean. This striking difference has been demonstrated in most of the studies concerning drugs in traffic. It may support the hypothesis that opioids do not necessarily make driving dangerous, as do antidepressives, barbiturates and especially benzodiazepines.