A SHORT COMMENTARY ON TIMOTHY M. TIPPINS AND JEFFREY P. WITTMANN'S "EMPIRICAL AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS WITH CUSTODY RECOMMENDATIONS

In this commentary, the call for clinical humility and judicial vigilance in custody recommendations is confirmed as valid and the Australian experience, where the child custody report writer has for some years been permitted to express an opinion on the ultimate issue, is considered. The inherent risks are briefly discussed, and the question of who of the judge and the social scientist might be better placed to decide the exquisitely difficult children's issues after family breakdown is touched upon. It suggests that a combination of the expert's opinion and judicial fact finding probably produces a result that is as good as it gets. But a greater danger is highlighted. It is the impact of the adversary system, and whether it is suitable in any event to these sensitive court decisions.     

证明标准与刑事政策

作为关涉治理的学问,法学从来就不是纯粹哲学的绝妙搭档,毋宁说昨日主要是政治学的密友,今又与社会学颇有亲缘。左、周二君在本文,力图诠释作为刑事司法规则的证明标准及其变化之蕴涵,对此可谓心领意会,他们既未固执于本体论的玄宏叙事,亦不满足于“人权保障功能”的简体抒情,而是从司法权术这一向度来审视之,对于证明标准由绝对真实论向相对真实论(或曰经验性证明标准)的这一转向,就其之所以被现代社会合法化、有效化,进行了一次细致、缠绵的知识社会学意味的“解密”。他们认为,经验性证明标准本身作为一种可能性艺术和审慎的实践智慧,是不断追求社会控制的有效性的权力程序的政治回应,因此与多面向的刑事政策互为纠缠,并深陷于刑事网络双重化,即在犯罪/刑罚这一对范畴之外再加上危险性/安全措施这一对范畴的情境中。作者附带盘查了中国刑事司法的有关问题,比如强调客观真实、缺乏证据生成机制等,总体上而言缺乏对案件区分处理的平衡技术;之所以造成这种状况,除了意识形态之苛求外,欠缺必要的社会技术条件也是主要原因,例如程序控制、有效组织的法纪社会等。     

党代表民主参与制度研究

党代表民主参与制度作为党内和谐促进社会和谐的重要支持机制,具有覆盖宏观、中观和微观的内在理论建构动因体系,目前出现了良好的探索性实践基础,极具党内民主重要着力点之意义。尽快构建和完善党代表民主参与制度机制,将为提升党内民主、促进党内和谐、提升执政能力和构建社会主义和谐社会提供制度支撑与可行路径。     

The Economics of the “Final Solution”*

The economics of the Holocaust is a many‐facetted subject that is an integral part of the Holocaust's history. This paper describes some of the results of the new research since 1990 and discusses the economic rationalities employed by the perpetrators in despoiling the Jews. Economic considerations accompanied the timing and pace of the expropriation of Jewish assets and their “Aryanization.” The new research also shows that there was widespread collaboration in the expropriation of the Jews by private interests both inside Germany and in German‐controlled Europe and that networks of bureaucrats and private interests joined to achieve Nazi goals. The combination of expropriation and mass murder was one of the aspects of the Holocaust that made it unique.     

中国外交:光明与困难的辩证法

2006年,国际格局调整加快,世界热点问题升温,大国协调进一步展开,中国外交硕果累累。2007年,世界将进入深度调整,国际形势总体趋向缓和,但局部紧张可能加剧,尤其是伊朗核问题有可能升级,中国外交则在面对新机遇的同时有可能遭遇更复杂的挑战。鉴此,《现代国际关系》编辑部于2007年1月6日举办“2007年国际大势前瞻”研讨会,特别邀请30多位京内外专家学者在总结、回顾2006年国际形势的基础上,着重对2007年国际形势及中国外交的变化趋势进行前瞻性分析。现将研讨会主要观点辑录如下,以期有助于读者更准确把握国际形势走向。     

IDENTIFYING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT MEDIATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARENTING PRACTICES AND DELINQUENCY*

Past research has largely ignored the developmental changes within the child that account for the association between parenting and risk for delinquency. We used structural equation modeling and data from a longitudinal study of several hundred African‐American families to test the contentions of various theories regarding the sociocognitive and emotional factors that mediate the impact of parental behavior on a youth's risk for delinquency. Our findings largely supported the theories. The impact of monitoring/discipline was indirect through low self‐control and acceptance of deviant norms, whereas the effect of hostility/ rejection was indirect through low self‐control, hostile view of relationships, and acceptance of deviant norms. These two dimensions of parenting were no longer related either to affiliation with deviant peers or to conduct problems once the effects of these psychological characteristics were taken into account; the impact of these parenting practices was completely mediated by these four cognitive/affective variables. Contrary to expectation, however, these psychological factors did not mediate any of the relationship between caretaker involvement in antisocial behavior and child conduct problems.     

对当前职工关注热点问题的调查与思考

职工思想状况是职工队伍稳定的“晴雨表”。通过职工队伍状况调查,及时了解职工群众所思所想,把握广大职工的思想脉搏,使工会维权工作更具针对性和实效性,更好地推动劳动关系和谐稳定发展。     

Zur naturschutzrechtlichen Verpflichtung der Verwendung autochthonen Saat- und Pflanzguts bei der Straßenbegleitbegrünung*

Von naturschutzfachlicher Seite wird seit einiger Zeit die Forderung erhoben, dass für Begrünungsmaßnahmen nur noch autochthones Saat- und Pflanzgut eingesetzt werden sollte, weil die Verwendung von Saat- und Pflanzgut aus gebietsfremden Herkünften Risiken für die Erhaltung der genetischen Vielfalt bergen könnte. Der folgende Beitrag zeichnet die Diskussion nach und befasst sich mit den rechtlichen Regelungen zum Schutz der genetischen Vielfalt, insbesondere mit den Anforderungen an die Länder, die sich aus § 41 Abs. 2 Bundesnaturschutzgesetz (BNatSchG) ergeben. * Für wertvolle Anregungen und Kritik danke ich Herrn Dr. Herwig Unnerstall und Herrn Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Köck.     

论和谐社会视野下的政府职能体系

构建社会主义和谐社会,是在新形势下提高党的执政能力、贯彻落实科学发展观和推进我国经济社会发展的战略举措。从系统论的角度看,社会系统要实现整体和谐,获得良性的运行和发展,必须构建一个政府职能体系。本文在深入研究政府职能体系结构的基础上,重点论述了如何构建政府职能体系。     

目前我国行政立法监督机制探讨

很长一段时间,我国没有统一的行政立法程序,行政机关一般都按照自己制定的程序进行行政立法。我国目前没有统一的监督行政立法的法律规定,只是通过批准和备案两种监督方式对行政立法进行监督,除此之外,再没有“事前”和“事后”的监督措施,我国目前也还没有建立对行政立法的司法审查制度。因此,我们有必要对目前我国行政立法监督机制进行探讨。