法律选择方法演变与构建国际和谐社会

法律选择理论是国际私法的核心理论,主要是以各种法律选择学说为载体,具体表现为各种法律选择方法。从十四世纪意大利巴托鲁斯创立法则区别说以来,法律选择方法一直处于不断的演变之中,体现了国际社会追求和谐的要求。本文以法律选择方法的历史演变为线索,以法律选择方法的价值追求——正义为研究视角,探讨法律选择方法的演变与构建国际和谐社会之间的联系。     

Race as a factor in university admissions

In two recent cases, Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306. (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244. (2003), the Supreme Court held that the Equal Protection Clause permitted state schools to use race-sensitive admissions in order to obtain the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The diversity-based argument for race-sensitive admissions, scholarships, awards, and other opportunities at universities should have been rejected because it does not consider the full range of costs and benefits and because the more narrow educational effects probably weigh against such programs. However, this does not suggest that applicants’ race, ethnicity, and gender should be ignored. Rather the same consideration that led to the defeat of the diversity argument, i.e., reasoning capacity, supports the consideration of demographic factors. However, attention to such factors further undermines the consequentialist case for affirmative action.     

评中国有关东南亚的研究

目前,在中国大陆,除了通俗性、商业性、传媒报道及文宣性质的文论外,主要有两类关于东南亚的著述。一类是学术性研究的论文和著作,包括译著在内,涵盖人文社会科学各个层面,基本上由各大学和社会科学院等专业研究机构完成,多以公开发表和出版的形式公之于众。第二类是有关背景性、对策性的研究报告,主要集中在政治、经济、外交和安全等方面,大多由政府各部门及企业附设的专业机构完成,也有一部分借助招投标或合作研究等形式资助大学及社会科学院的相关学术机构从事研究,其中不少成果也以各种形式公开发表出版。目前从影响面而论,除了少数由政…     

Randomized experiments in criminology: What have we learned in the last two decades?

This paper aims to review randomized experiments in criminology with offending outcomes and reasonably large numbers that were published between 1982 and 2004. A total of 83 experiments are summarized, compared with only 35 published between 1957 and 1981: 12 on policing, 13 on prevention, 14 on corrections, 22 on courts, and 22 on community interventions. Randomized experiments are still relatively uncommon, but there have been more large-scale multi-site experiments and replication programs. There have also been several experiments in which 100 or more places were randomly assigned. Relatively few experiments (only 10 out of 83) were conducted outside the United States. Meta-analyses suggest that prevention methods, correctional therapy, batterer programs, drug courts, juvenile restitution and deterrent policing were effective in reducing offending, while Scared Straight and boot camp programs caused a significant increase in offending.     

农业生态环境损害赔偿立法初探

<正> 我国在农业上同时存在着两类环境问題——环境污染和生态破坏,而且都很严重,成为农业进一步发展的死大障碍因素。保护农业环境的当务之急是制定一部农业生态环境损害赔偿法规。本文仅就此略述浅见。一、农业生态环境损害赔偿立法的必要性 (一)制定农业生态环境损害赔偿法规,是保护农业生产力的需要。农业是国民经济的基础。农业生态环境又是农业赖以发展的基本条件,是农业的自然生产力。但是,我国农业面临着环境灾难和生态危机。——大片农田已变成"聚污盆"。据调查,全国受工业和乡镇企业"三废"污染的农田,已超过6.000     

Analyzing linked systems of negotiations

This article presents a conceptual framework for analyzing the structure and dynamics of what the authors call linked systems of negotiations. Even such seemingly straightforward transactions as the purchase of a family car tend to involve linked negotiations. The framework highlights the importance of internegotiation processes in shaping Zones of Possible Agreement, and proposes a typology of linkage. By mapping out and reengineering linked systems, negotiators can enhance their ability to shape the structure within which their negotiations take place.