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181.
目的优化蛋白酶K的用量和消化时间,用于提取肋软骨DNA。方法 30份肋软骨样本各取大小为0.2cm×0.3cm×0.4cm的软骨块5份,分别编为A~E组。采用不同蛋白酶K用量和消化时间的Chelex100方法,提取5组各30份软骨块DNA,进行DNA定量、采用Sinofiler试剂盒扩增后进行电泳检测,采用非参数检验法比较检验成功率。结果 A~E组样本中采用加入2μL蛋白酶K并消化30min的D组方法成功率最高(96.7%),组间差异具有统计学意义。结论采用蛋白酶K-Chelex100方法,选择加入2μL蛋白酶K,消化30min可有效提高肋软骨DNA分型检验成功率。 相似文献
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Rational choice perspectives maintain that seemingly irrational behavior on the part of terrorist organizations may nevertheless
reflect strategic planning. In this paper we examine spatial and temporal patterns of terrorist attacks by the Spanish group
ETA between 1970 and 2007. Our analysis is guided by a public announcement by ETA in 1978 that the group would shift from
emphasizing attacks in the Basque territory to instead launch attacks more widely in the hopes of exhausting the Spanish government
and forcing it to abandon the Basque territory. This announcement suggests that prior to the end of 1978 ETA attacks were
based mostly on controlling territory in the Basque region that they hoped to rule; and after 1978 the organization decided
to instead undertake a prolonged war of attrition. Accordingly, we argue that before the end of 1978 ETA was mostly perpetrating
control attacks (attacking only within the Basque territories) and that the diffusion of attacks between provinces was mostly
contagious (spreading contiguously). After the 1978 proclamation, we argue that the attack strategy shifted toward attrition
(attacking in areas outside of the Basque territories) and that the attacks were more likely to diffuse hierarchically (spreading
to more distant locations). As predicted, we find that after ETA moved toward a more attrition based attack strategy, subsequent
attacks were significantly more likely to occur outside the Basque region and to target non-adjacent regions (consistent with
hierarchical diffusion). We also find that hierarchical diffusion was more common when a longer time elapsed between attacks
(a likely consequence of the fact that more distant attacks require more resources and planning) and that attacks against
Madrid were unlikely to be followed immediately by more attacks on Madrid or surrounding provinces. After ETA announced a
shift in policy, they maintained a highly dispersed attack strategy even during their period of decline. Using information
about where and when prior attacks occurred could provide useful information for policy makers countering groups like ETA. 相似文献
186.
广告语涉及众多复杂的法律问题。广告语具有可版权性的特点,表达量并非独创性的决定性因素,相反,文字的简洁性恰好是独创性的表现;高度提炼后的表达,不能简单地归为思想的范畴。广告语及其组成片段具有识别功能,一旦获得第二含义,即具有保护的必要性。对广告语的侵犯关涉竞争秩序,运用一般条款进行商业伦理的判断,有利于保护广告语。 相似文献
187.
版权人通过技术措施收集个人身份信息,跟踪监测作品使用行为,甚至进入电脑系统进行私力技术救济,给消费者的信息隐私带来严重的威胁。为此,我国应规定技术措施不得具有隐私侵害性,限制技术措施的信息收集范围和收集方式,赋予消费者规避侵害隐私的技术措施的权利,规范版权人对消费者信息的处理利用规则。 相似文献
188.
论法院对基本权利的保护 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为公民基本权利提供保护,是现代国家合法性的重要来源。普通法院在基本权利保护中发挥着重要作用。德国虽然设立了宪法法院,但保护公民基本权利的职责仍主要由其他法院承担。在没有设立宪法法院的国家,通过普通法院更是为基本权利提供司法保护的唯一途径。我国法院应当通过三种方式为基本权利提供司法保护:如果法律有保护基本权利的具体规定,法院应当直接适用法律;如果法律对基本权利的保护只作了抽象规定,法院应当对有关抽象立法进行合宪解释之后予以适用;如果法律没有作出保护基本权利的任何规定,法院可以直接适用宪法的基本权利条款。 相似文献
189.
台湾新闻自由实践在其政党角力中扮演着工具角色。换言之,新闻自由从来就不是政党角力的目的,只是权力斗争的工具。多党纷争时期,在野党高举“新闻自由”旗帜,与国民党争夺媒体资源。政党轮替后,对峙的国民两党都是表面附和“新闻自由”,实际上却采用隐性、间接的方式操控媒体。政党竞争带来了广电媒体的解禁、新闻自由法律法规的修正、新闻自由观念的成熟等正面效应。但政党对媒体的变相操控却让新闻自由异化,“只问政党,不问事实”的蓝绿媒体难以承担“第四权”责任。 相似文献
190.
Biao Li M.Sc. Peng Xie Ph.D. Ying‐min Guo B.Sc. Qing Fei B.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(2):543-549
In many criminal and civil cases in China, the most commonly questioned documents are those written with gel pen ink. An important task for forensic document examiners is to identify whether two or more ink entries in one or more documents were written with the same ink type. The identification of the age of gel ink entries made poses an important and difficult problem for forensic document examiners. In this paper, the volatile components of gel ink were determined and the gel ink was classified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Calibration curves were created to express the relationship between the content of volatile gel ink components and the age of gel ink entries stored under natural and UV‐induced aging conditions. The correspondence between the natural and UV‐induced aging conditions was also established. The experimental results showed that GC was useful in the analysis of black gel ink and applicable for determining the relative age of gel ink entries under certain conditions. 相似文献