Does it pay to pollute? Shareholder wealth consequences of corporate environmental lawsuits

In this paper, we employ the event study methodology to examine shareholder wealth consequences of corporate environmental lawsuits filed in the US Circuit Courts from 1980 to 2001. We find that stocks of defendant firms experience significant negative abnormal returns around the lawsuit filing dates. When the plaintiffs are government entities, the abnormal returns of the defendant stocks are significantly negative. On the other hand, when the plaintiffs are individuals or nonpublic business entities, the abnormal returns are statistically insignificant. When lawsuits are filed under EPA's superfund statute, defendant firms experience significant loss in equity value. For shareholders of the average firm in our sample, the empirical evidence suggests that it does not pay to pollute if the firm is sued.     

A novel microassay for measuring blood alcohol concentration using a disposable biosensor strip

A novel disposable amperometric biosensor strip for determination of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) with small volume of sample has been constructed using screen-printed electrodes (SPE), nanocomposite film and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Firstly, the GNPs-MWCNT-Nafion nanocomposite film modified on a working electrode was made of Nafion-117, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs). After that Meldola's blue (MB) acted as an electron transfer mediator and the mixed solution of ADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) were modified in order on the nanocomposite film. At last, a hydrophilic membrane which had an eyehole in center was placed at the outermost of the working area to make a reaction tank of 5 μL, then the hydrophilic membrane/ADH-NAD(+)/GNPs-MWCNT-MB-Nafion/SPE was prepared. The detection of BAC can be accomplished with 5 μL of blood sample obtained precisely by siphonage. Optimum conditions of the biosensor were experimentally determined by varying several important parameters: working potential, solution pH value, environmental temperature and interferences. Experimental results indicated that the biosensor possessed a good accuracy and stability, the linear response range was 2.0 × 10(-4) to 25 × 10(-3)mol/L and the detection limit of the biosensor was 5.0 × 10(-5)mol/L (S/N=3). In the measurement of blood samples, the proposed biosensor had excellent detection performance for measuring BAC and showed a good correlation with gas chromatography. The prepared biosensor strip can be valid for the analysis of BAC.     

合同解除的标的新论

本文通过对当前合同解除制度的分析 ,认为 :合同的内容包括原始性权利义务和救济性权利义务。合同解除的是合同中的原始性权利义务 ,不涉及救济性权利义务。另外 ,合同一经生效 ,除有特定原因 ,将永续存在 ,成为权利义务变动之法律依据 ;合同解除后 ,合同依然有效存在 ,作为违约救济的依据。     

基于公共行政理念的政府公共关系发展历程探析

在公共行政的历史长河中,政府公共关系是一个新生的事物,它伴随着公共行政的发展而发展,经历了传统公共行政阶段、正统公共行政阶段、新公共行政阶段和新公共管理阶段。改革开放20多年来,我国政府公关的意识已经初步确立并日益得到强化,将来会得到更快的发展。     

美国政制的政治哲学意义从施特劳斯学派与共和主义学派的争论切入

施特劳斯学派和共和主义学派是阐述美国政制的两大重要流派。通过梳理这两个流派之间的争论以及分析争论原因,可以思考美国政制的实质是什么。施特劳斯学派之所以介入美国政制的研究,是因为美国政制具有特殊的政制类型学的意义。从政制类型学来看,美国是第一个建立在现代自然权利基础之上、而不是建立在传统或启示之上的现代国家,现代自然权利的理性主义的基石为认清现代洞穴,还原"自然的视野"提供了条件,从而为追求真理的政治哲学开辟了道路。同时,建立在自然权利基础上的理性政治科学也为防止现代性的暴政提供了政治哲学的可能。     

土地革命时期闽粤赣苏区的客家妇女生活

本文比较全面的探讨了土地革命时期闽粤赣苏区的客家妇女生活.认为在中央苏区进行革命斗争的岁月,广大群众经常处在紧张、热情、亢奋当中,社会生活发生了深刻变化,而客家妇女生活的变化尤其巨大.她们或亲上战场,或在后方大搞生产,节衣缩食支援前方;她们移风易俗,在婚姻自主、文化教育方面取得了可喜的进步;她们创造和编演革命文艺,也尽情享受革命文艺,在物质上、精神上,在家庭内和社会上,生活都换了个样.她们的生活是艰苦的,为革命为社会的付出是巨大的,但她们的内心世界是空前充实的.     

谫论GIF动画在多媒体教学中的应用

为了更好地在多媒体教学中使用GIF动画,本文系统介绍了在Fireworks MX中制作GIF动画的方法和步骤,并阐明了使用Fireworks MX制作GIF动画的长处和优点.     

Neighborhood immigrant concentration and violent crime reporting to the police: A multilevel analysis of data from the National Crime Victimization Survey*

Using data from the Area‐Identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we provide a national assessment of the impact of neighborhood immigrant concentration on whether violence is reported to the police. By drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, we outline how the level of violence reporting could be higher or lower in immigrant neighborhoods, as well as how this may depend on individual race/ethnicity and the history of immigration in the county in which immigrant neighborhoods are located. Controlling for both individual‐ and neighborhood‐level conditions, our findings indicate that within traditional immigrant counties, rates of violence reporting in immigrant neighborhoods are similar to those observed elsewhere. In contrast, within newer immigrant destinations, we observe much lower rates of violence reporting in neighborhoods with a large concentration of immigrants. Our study findings reveal comparable patterns for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos. The results have important implications for theory, policy, and future research.     

The Optimal Distance of the Electrode to the Lifting Film Surface when Lifting Dust Footwear Impressions Using an Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter

Footwear impressions are one of the valuable physical evidence encountered at crime scenes and its identification can facilitate narrowing down the suspects and establishing the identity of the criminals. The technique of electrostatic lifting (ESL) dust shoeprints at crime scenes is well established with scenes of crime examiners. And in the procedure, the recovery of the original item containing the impression should be made as good as it can and not damage the marks. In this study, the different particle sizes of SiO₂ were used to simulate dust and light soil residues, comparing different particle sizes and electrode positions were used to compare the adsorption ability on the surface of electrostatic lifting film in high‐voltage electrostatic field for the collection of shoeprints. The results indicated that lifting film in electrostatic field will be pressed down to the dust surface, the compaction and electrostatic adsorption force will vary with the distance between the high‐voltage electrode and film surface. Reducing the distance can increase the electric field strength near the lifting film, and the adsorption capacity of Mylar aluminum‐plating film to dusts can be improved significantly. Adsorption capacity of the lifting film was related to the size of dust particles and significantly improved with the increase of the particle charge. The optimum distance which can get the best adsorption capacity between the electrode and film surface is from 10 to 15 mm.     

论有组织犯罪研究--十年回顾、评价与前瞻

我国学界在1994-2004年十年间对有组织犯罪研究取得重大成果,出版专著20部,论文发表近700篇,并形成自己的研究特点。十年间学者围绕着有组织犯罪的基本概念、有组织犯罪现象的科学解释,治理对策进行深入探讨,但有组织犯罪是一种新型的复杂犯罪现象,随着社会的演变发展,呈现出新的特征,这就亟待学界克服已经研究的缺陷与不足,推动有组织犯罪研究向纵深发展。