Integrated land-use planning for sustainable agriculture and natural resources management in the Vietnamese Mekong delta

The greatest concern confronting resources managers for years in the Vietnamese Mekong delta was mismanagement of land use and natural resources. This paper considers the integrated land-use planning approach developed by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) to assess the suitability of agricultural production systems and examine socioeconomic factors affecting household (HH) land-use decision making and natural resources management in agricultural landscapes. Various data were spatially and socioeconomically gathered through HH survey and qualitative methods. The findings indicated that a large proportion of the area under existing production systems didn’t match its land requirement and the resources management was partially effective due to socioeconomic driving forces. Land-use options and management measures were thus made upon the land suitability and socioeconomic analyses to secure the rural livelihoods in respect to restoration of degraded native ecosystems. This could only be realized if having institutional instruments and an improved awareness of farmers on land mapping units (LMU) through agricultural extension and credit assess services.

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The relationship between income and material hardship

This paper examines the relationship between income and the extent of material hardship and explores other factors that might affect hardship. Using panel data from the Women's Employment Study, we examine the incidence of material hardship from 1997 to 2003 among current and former welfare recipients. We then consider the extent to which income is associated with hardship. We show that hardship decreases monotonically across quintiles of the income distribution for several income measures. When we measure income as the average across the 6‐year study period, a 10 percent increase in average income is associated with a 1.1 percentage point decrease in the likelihood of experiencing a hardship, a drop of about 3.4 percent. We also find that the relationship between transitory changes in income and hardship is weak. These results are consistent with findings based on a nationally representative sample of disadvantaged households from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Our results indicate that observable factors, such as measures of mental health, are more strongly related to hardship than current income. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

Racial Socialization and Racial Identity: African American Parents’ Messages About Race as Precursors to Identity

This study uses two waves of data to examine the relationships among patterns of racial socialization experiences and racial identity in a sample of 358 African American adolescents (60% female and 40% male). Using latent class analyses, we identified three patterns of adolescent-reported racial socialization experiences: High Positive, Moderate Positive, and Low Frequency. Adolescent-reported racial socialization experiences at Wave 1 were associated with Wave 2 adolescent racial identity approximately one year later. Specifically, High Positive and Low Frequency racial socialization were associated with racial centrality, assimilationist ideology, and nationalist ideology. These findings suggest that various patterns of racial socialization practices play an important role in the developing significance and meaning that African American adolescents ascribe to race.

浅谈治安调解的策略与艺术

治安案件调解是公安机关贯彻治安管理处罚法确立的“教育与处罚相结合”原则的具体体现。对于缩小治安管理处罚的处罚面,以平和的方式解决人民内部矛盾,避免矛盾激化,促成人际关系的和谐,维护社会治安秩序的稳定,构建和谐社会,具有独特的功能和作用。本文从剖析当前治安调解的困境及存在的突出问题入手,对治安调解的策略与艺术进行深入探讨,对于公安机关更为有效地开展治安调解,缓解纠纷,消除矛盾,促进警民关系,维护公安机关的执法形象具有一定的启迪作用。     

构建和谐警民关系的思考

构建和谐警民关系是公安机关贯彻群众路线的重要举措,是加强公安队伍建设、改进公安工作的必然选择。公安机关必须从提升打防能力、加强警民沟通联系、规范执法行为、提升服务水平、树立良好警风等方面入手,构建和谐的警民关系。     

“人肉搜索”与侦查权

“人肉搜索”是一种信息收集机制,具有搜索能力强、信息获取全面、搜索速度快等优点,同时也存在盲目性。“人肉搜索”与侦查权的关系日益密切,对侦查活动既有有利的一面,也会在一定程度上产生不良影响。     

实现经济增长与社会事业协调发展的理论思考

本文主要分析了目前我国经济增长与社会事业发展不协调的表现,探讨了实现经济增长与社会事业协调发展的途径。     

从全球反恐的视野审视建设中的沈阳地铁

随着经济建设的快速发展,我国现有30多个百万人口以上的大城市开始了地铁的前期工作,沈阳地铁1号线已于2005年11月正式破土动工。文章从全球反恐的视角分析指出,在恐怖主义日益猖獗的今天,城市地铁已经成为恐怖势力袭击的首选目标。因此,提出要站在全球反恐的高度,积极借鉴其他城市地铁的经验教训,规划、建设、管理高质量、高安全的地铁。     

行政问责制与行政自责文化建设

我国行政问责正由“权力问责”走向“制度问责”。而问责制要真正产生实效,必须有相应的行政问责文化来支持。在行政问责制的建立健全过程中,加强行政自责文化的培育十分重要和紧迫。为此,必须积极推进我国政治文明及行政文化的现代化进程,塑造公务员的现代品格,加快行政自责的制度化、法制化建设,营造良好的社会及政治环境,推进责任型政府建设。     

Standardization of Histological Procedures for the Detection of Toxic Substances by Immunohistochemistry in Dipteran Larvae of Forensic Importance

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique is an alternative toxicological analysis to detect drugs in insects of forensic importance, but it requires thorough histological procedures. In this study, we tested different fixatives—phosphate‐buffered paraformaldehyde 4% (PP), Carnoy's fluid (CF), Kahle's solution (KS), ethanol in different concentrations, and ethanol associated to PP and CF, time of fixation and histological processes for dipteran larvae's tissue, aiming to develop a sample preparation protocol for IHC application. A suitable fixation was achieved using PP for 12 and 24 h, CF for 3 h, 70% ethanol for 19 days, and 70% ethanol/CF for 2 h/3 h. Postfixation using negative pressure, two immersions in xylene for 30 min each, and one in xylene plus paraffin for 45 min increased tissue preservation. An immunohistochemical test for cocaine detection was performed using monoclonal benzoylecgonine antibody from mouse, peroxidase‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG and visualized by 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine method showed these histological procedures didn't compromise antigenicity.