Identify the injury implements by SEM/EDX and ICP-AES

The forensic investigator is frequently confronted with the discrimination and deduction of injury implements, which is one of the most important physical testimonies in courts. The usual method used in actual cases is from points of morphology. In the forensic discrimination of injury implements, such as metal implements, the analysis and comparison of elements are expected to provide excellent results, and simultaneous multi-elemental analysis is required to analyze various kinds of elements. This study was designed to establish discrimination and deduction of metal injury implements by scanning electron microscope/energy disperse X-ray microanalyzer (SEM/EDX) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Examined metal particles in five wounds made on the skin of domestic pigs, respectively, using Cu-Zn or Cr-Ni coated and carbon steel kitchen implements by EDX. For carbon steel kitchen implements, analyzed five samples from the back and blade separately in the contents and varieties of elements by ICP-AES. In the wounds by the coated implements, the special particles only containing Cu, Zn or Cr, Ni were found. In the wounds by carbon steel kitchen implements, the particles containing Fe, Cr, Si or Fe, Mn, Si were found. The differences of contents of elements between the back and blade was no significant except No. 5 for carbon steel kitchen implements, and the significant differences of elements exited in Cr, Mn, Si, Cu, Mo among the stainless kitchen knives, Mn, Si among the other kitchen implements and for the blade of No. 5 knife, relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) were significantly different in Mn, Si, Mo, Ti, S, P, Ni. Using EDX to examine the particles in wounds can deduce the categories of metal injury implements, and we can still deduce the different implements in the same category by ICP-AES.     

当前我国医疗腐败的表现形式、成因及其治理

我国的医疗腐败问题已引起了社会的高度关注.当前我国医疗腐败的主要表现形式是回扣,医疗腐败是由多种因素交汇促生的.治理医疗腐败需要多管齐下,综合治理,包括改革医疗体制、理顺医药销售流通体系、健全法规和加强惩处、加强监督和增加透明度等.     

影响监狱基层民警队伍素质提高的因素及对策

监狱是刑罚的执行机关,提高监狱基层警官队伍素质,既是直接影响罪犯改造质量的因素,又是衡量监狱文明执法程度的重要标尺.为此笔者通过科学分析相关制约因素,提出采取多种措施、运用多种途径提高基层警官素质和能力,强调构建一个科学有效的素质教育机制应成为提高警官素质和能力的制度保障.     

合同解除的标的新论

本文通过对当前合同解除制度的分析 ,认为 :合同的内容包括原始性权利义务和救济性权利义务。合同解除的是合同中的原始性权利义务 ,不涉及救济性权利义务。另外 ,合同一经生效 ,除有特定原因 ,将永续存在 ,成为权利义务变动之法律依据 ;合同解除后 ,合同依然有效存在 ,作为违约救济的依据。     

拓展合作秩序:创新社会管理的新途径

本文阐释了三种类型的合作——博弈性合作、伦理性合作和商谈性合作,分析各自达成合作的机理及其所需要的社会管理条件。据此提出,拓展合作秩序,将解决社会矛盾和纠纷的"事后救济"扩展到"事前防范",是改善和创新社会管理的新途径。为此,需要建构和完善有效的监督约束体系、社会教化体系和公共交往体系,并使之相互匹配,以化解不同利益主体间的矛盾和纠纷并防止其激化。     

10个STR基因座荧光复合扩增体系的研制

目的建立10个STR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法在北京、山西、广东汉族,辽宁满族、西藏藏族群体中调查STR基因座遗传多态性,筛选出9个具有高度多态性和法医应用价值的STR基因座及性别基因座。构建四色荧光素标记复合扩增体系,制备等位基因分型标准物,编制分析软件,并对体系的种属特异性、灵敏度、稳定性、混合样本等检测能力进行考察。结果建立的复合扩增体系遗传稳定好,累积非父排除率可达0.999 96,累积个体识别率可达0.999 999 999 999 3;与CODIS系统均不存在连锁遗传;各基因座间布局合理、无杂峰、扩增结果清晰易辨,并可实现检测分析自动化。体系种属特异性较好,灵敏度为0.1ng,稳定性好,混合样本检出范围在2∶8～8∶2之间。实际案例检材检测结果好。结论本文建立的复合扩增体系在法医学实践中有较好的应用价值。     

涉讼司法鉴定收费制度的检视与重构

我国司法鉴定机构正经历着体制性的变革,司法鉴定事务的逐步立法规范,新的运作方式使现在的鉴定机构已成为市场主体,鉴定人也成为从鉴定费中获取收益的个体。过高的鉴定费用成为公民运用法律保护其合法权益的瓶颈,因而对鉴定费规制问题必须引起足够的重视。我国鉴定费问题突出表现在收费法律依据、收费标准、收费管理以及司法鉴定法律援助几个方面。鉴定费的收取制度应沿此问题的解决路径出发进行建构,其实质是公民诉权的保障和合法权益的维护。     

Research status and prospects of DNA test on difficult specimens

This paper reviews the advances of DNA detection on three types of difficult biological specimens including degraded samples, trace evidences and mixed samples. The source of different samples, processing methods and announcements were analyzed. New methods such as mitochondrial test system, changing the original experimental conditions, low-volume PCR amplification and new technologies such as whole genome amplification techniques, laser capture micro-dissection, and mini-STR technology in recent years are introduced.     

Analyzing Data Remnant Remains on User Devices to Determine Probative Artifacts in Cloud Environment

Cloud storage service allows users to store their data online, so that they can remotely access, maintain, manage, and back up data from anywhere via the Internet. Although helpful, this storage creates a challenge to digital forensic investigators and practitioners in collecting, identifying, acquiring, and preserving evidential data. This study proposes an investigation scheme for analyzing data remnants and determining probative artifacts in a cloud environment. Using pCloud as a case study, this research collected the data remnants available on end‐user device storage following the storing, uploading, and accessing of data in the cloud storage. Data remnants are collected from several sources, including client software files, directory listing, prefetch, registry, network PCAP, browser, and memory and link files. Results demonstrate that the collected remnants data are beneficial in determining a sufficient number of artifacts about the investigated cybercrime.     

云南省44例主动脉夹层破裂死亡法医学分析

目的对云南省44例主动脉夹层破裂死亡的案例进行回顾性分析,为此类案件的法医学鉴定提供一定参考。方法收集2002~2017年昆明医科大学司法鉴定中心受理的44例主动脉夹层破裂死亡案例,对其一般情况、临床分期、临床表现、危险因素、病理分型、内外膜破裂情况、直接死因等进行统计分析。结果主动脉夹层高发于在40~49岁,男性多于女性,大多数为急性主动脉夹层。冬季死亡数最高,春季死亡数最低;疼痛为最常见首发症状,动脉粥样硬化是重要危险因素;A型主动脉夹层占比高于B型主动脉夹层,破口主要发生在升主动脉,其形态多为横行;心脏压塞是主要死因。结论主动脉夹层破裂前多有明确首发症状,可合并多种高危因素,注重与损伤的鉴别以及医疗因素的因果关系判断,对法医学鉴定具有较大意义。