Population study of the CSF1PO,TPOX and TH01 STR polymorphisms in east China

Allele and genotype frequencies of four short tandem repeat loci were determined in a population sample from east China by using PCR and fluorescence techniques. After denaturing PAGE, 9 alleles were identified for CSF1PO, 8 alleles for TPOX, and 7 alleles for TH01. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In addition, the theoretical values of these loci for paternity and forensic casework were evaluated.     

武汉地区汉族人群CSF1PO座位多态性分析

应用Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ设计的ＣＳＦ１ＰＯ新引物对武汉地区３１２例汉族个体作了分型调查,获得了武汉地区汉族人ＣＳＦ１ＰＯ座位的基因频率资料。与Ｈａｍｍｏｎｄ等提出的传统引物扩增效果相比较,本文所选用的引物更适用于法医检案,尤其对严重降解ＤＮＡ材料的分型效果有明显的优越性     

未成年女性性认知能力量化的初步研究

探讨未成年女性性认知能力的量化评定方法,编制未成年女性性认知能力问卷,对未成年女性进行初步试测,结果反映在法定奸幼年龄标准以下的未成年女性中,存在因年龄而异的对性的生理卫生知识、社会法律意识、伦理道德等方面认知能力的相应缺乏,结论：此问卷对未成年女性性认知能力的测试结果与她们的年龄之间具有高度相关性,值得作为标准化定量评定方法进行深入研究     

Comparative studies on tissue distributions of organophosphorus, carbamate and organochlorine pesticides in decedents intoxicated with these chemicals

This paper describes the tissue distributions of dichlorvos, an organophosphate, chlorpyrifos-methyl, an organophosphorothioate, methomyl, a carbamate, and endrin, an organochlorine, in three individuals (Cases 1-3) who died after ingesting insecticidal preparations containing these chemicals. In Case 1 involving dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, no dichlorvos was detected in most of the blood and tissue samples. Tiny amounts of dichlorvos (0.067 mg/L and 0.027 mg/L) were detected in the vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. The chlorpyrifos-methyl concentrations in the blood samples were very site-dependent with a range of 0.615-2.24 mg/L. The tissue concentrations of chlorpyrifos-methyl were within the range 0.379-8.60 mg/kg. The total amounts of dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in the stomach were 879 and 612 mg, respectively. The serum cholinesterase activity was 3 IU/L/37 degrees C. In Case 2 involving methomyl, the methomyl concentrations in the blood samples were very site-dependent with a range of 0.56-4.75 mg/L. The tissue concentrations of methomyl were 2.61 mg/kg or less, no methomyl being detected in the spleen, liver and kidney. The methomyl concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humor were 5.37 and 4.75 mg/L, respectively. The stomach contained 85 mg methomyl. The serum cholinesterase activity was 73 IU/L/37 degrees C. In Case 3 involving endrin, the victim underwent medical treatment for 7 h after ingesting an endrin preparation. The differences in the endrin concentrations among the blood samples were small, with a range of 0.353-0.615 mg/L. The tissue concentrations of endrin were within the range 0.467-13.3 mg/kg. The endrin in the stomach (66 mg) was adsorbed almost completely on the activated charcoal that was administered for medical treatment.     

Japanese population study of a Y-linked dinucleotide repeat DNA polymorphism.

A polymorphic CA repeats (YCA II) was previously reported on the human Y chromosome. We have used a simple technique based on polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the inheritance, the genetic stability, and the allele frequency distribution of this polymorphism in the Japanese. We found seven haplotypes which were tentatively designated as: A[(CA)19/(CA)21], B[(CA)19/(CA)22], C[(CA)19/(CA)23], D[(CA)19/(CA)19], E[(CA)21/(CA)21], F[(CA)22/(CA)22], and G[(CA)23/(CA)23]. The frequencies of these haplotypes were: A, 0.21; B, 0.29; C, 0.37; D, 0.02; E, 0.02; F, 0.07; G, 0.01. There was complete concordance with each father-son pairs. The results indicate the dinucleotide system YCA II is very useful for investigation of forensic samples, especially mixed stains in sexual offence cases.     

Centipede inflicted postmortem injury.

We here report the first case of postmortem injury caused by a centipede. An old man was found dead in his bedroom. The death was estimated to be due to intracranial hemorrhage and to have occurred two days before the police inspection. A centipede about 12 cm long emerged from a subcutaneous cavity on the victim's forearm. Obviously, the centipede had dug the cavity on the intact skin. A police inspector was bitten by the centipede, so he stepped on the centipede on the floor. The exudate from the insect was identified to be derived from the victim's blood.     

Political Consequences of Welfare Regimes: Social Assistance and Support for Presidentialism in Turkey

ABSTRACT

Tackling redistributive expansion in developing countries, this paper explores broader political consequences of social assistance programmes. Drawing from the Turkish case, where social welfare expanded since the 2000s, it examines attitudes of social assistance beneficiaries towards transition to presidentialism, which was approved in a referendum in 2017, and took effect in 2018. Using the results of an original survey, it indicates that social assistance benefits played a significant role in increasing support for presidentialism, by garnering votes from opposition voters, especially those with high-risk perceptions, in return for benefits. Given the character of Turkish presidentialism, devoid of vital checks and balances, the findings reveal that incumbents can mobilise support by using redistributive instruments in the context of democratic backsliding.