Entry barriers and evolution of banking systems: Lessons from the 1980s Canadian western bank failures

Abstract: As federal policy‐makers revise and update the Bank Act, any change should be seen in the context of public policy towards financial institutions in Canada. Rather than being condemned to repeat history, both policy‐makers and potential bank entrepreneurs would be well advised to re‐examine the Report of the Inquiry into the Collapse of the ccb and Northland Bank (August 1986), chaired by the Honourable Willard Z. Estey. Public policy for financial institutions faces the challenge of reconciling competing interests. Since 1867, Canada has experienced a nationally controlled banking system that is highly stable (i.e., few bankruptcies) and that has enabled in‐flows of capital needed for national economic development. The Canadian Commercial Bank failure raised a fundamental challenge to the government's policy agenda. When asked what the government's position should be, the three officials recommended the rescue package. All three participants from the political side advised against it. Future policy must learn the lessons from this important and atypical moment in Canadian financial history. Sommaire: Alors que les decisionnaires federaux revoient et mettent à jour la Loi sur les banques, toute modification devrait être envisagée dans le contexte de la politique gouvernementale visant les institutions financières au Canada. Plutôt que d'être condamnés à répéter les mêmes erreurs, les décisionnaires et les banquiers potentiels feraient bien mieux de réexaminer le Rapport de la commission d'enquête sur la faillite de la Banque commerciale du Canada et la Norbanque (août 1986), présidée par l'honorable Willard Z. Estey. La politique gouvernementale concernant les institutions financières a la tâche difficile de réconcilier des intérêts opposés. Depuis 1867, le Canada connaît un système bancaire contrôléà l'échelle nationale qui est très stable, ayant enregistré peu de faillites, et qui a permis des rentrées de fonds nécessaires au développement économique national. La faillite de la BCC a lancé un défi fonda mental au programme de politique gouvernementale. Lorsqu'on leur a demandé quelle devrait être la position du gouvernement, les trois responsables ont recommandé le programme de renflouement. Les trois participants du secteur politique ont conseillé le contraire. Les futurs décisionnaires doivent tirer des leçons de cet évènement important et exceptionnel dans l'histoire financière canadienne.     

适应新要求 把握新特点 推动组织工作新发展

组织工作是党的全部工作的基础,是实现党的领导的重要途径。适应深入推进铁路跨越式发展的新形势,迫切要求组织工作根据党建重点任务,融入发展中心,以系统优化的理念加强基层党组织建设,以改革的精神创新载体、改进方式,以务实高效的作风加强队伍建设,叠加组织优势,切实加强党的先进性建设,为铁路跨越式发展提供坚强的组织保证。一、组织工作在推进铁路跨越式发展中出现的新特点面对铁路实现跨越式发展新要求,在调整生产力布局,深化铁路局直管站段体制改革新形势下,组织工作凸现出一些新特点。1.突出系统性。系统性是“组织”这一概念的内在…     

远城区建筑工地及周边地区治安问题调查分析

随着远城区城市化建设的深入,大面积土地正不断被政府征用或进行商业性开发,其相关地区的社会治安形势也随之经历着巨变,特别是在大型建筑工地及其周边所存在的治安问题则更具典型性和代表性。本文详尽描述并分析了远城区建筑工地及周边存在的“砖沙石霸”、农民土地补偿、外来民工管理等诸多典型性治安问题,借此对远城区在城市化进程中发生的治安形势变化进行初步探索。     

Security threats and institutional response. The European context

This paper will explore the perceptions of security threats (identification of types and likelihood of occurrence) and institutional response (degree of institutional suitability according to type of threat) that prevails in the European context. It will compare how the main security institutions (NATO, EU and OSCE) respond to different type of security threats. This will be done through the aid of a number of security governance functions (conflict prevention, peace-enforcement, peace-keeping and peace-building). A main objective of the paper will be to examine which of the three is deemed most relevant in dealing with specific types of threats.     

Bureaucratic capacity and state-society relations in China

In view of the efforts of post-Mao state-rebuilding, how does bureaucratic capacity affect the pattern of state-society interaction in China, where a robust civil society is still missing? Using the case of China’s population control, we analyze the linkage between bureaucratic capacity and state-society relations. The study demonstrates remarkable resilience of the party-state and its transformative thrust in reformist China. Through a mix of mass mobilization and institutional building, the Chinese state remains puissant in extending social control over its people. Equally important, bureaucratic capacity is a major predictor of state coerciveness. Other things being equal, localities with stronger bureaucratic capacity tend to develop a less antagonist and more cooperative state-society relationship. Bureaucratic capacity can serve as remedy to despotic or authoritarian rule despite the lack of an autonomous civil society. This finding has important implications for the potential of democratization in China.     

会计诚信建设对策探微

会计诚信建设在社会主义市场经济建设中具有举足轻重的作用。由于种种原因,我国的会计诚信领域存在着比较突出的问题,不仅危害了市场经济秩序、损害了投资者利益、阻碍了社会资源的优化配置,而且影响了会计人员的形象、破坏了社会稳定。因此,必须从认真执行会计制度、提高会计人员的职业道德水平、建立企业和个人信用体系、增强会计人员的独立性、发挥社会舆论的监督作用、强化对会计事务所的监督等方面着手,采取措施,加以解决。     

邓小平的社会主义优势论

邓小平关于社会主义优势成因、模式、标准、增长等方面的论述,展现了社会主义的一个全新面貌。     

Teenage suicide in King County, Washington. I. Rates of suicide for 26 years

The population-adjusted rate of teenage suicide in King County, Washington, was reviewed for the 26 years from 1959 to 1984. For the entire period, the rate did not change significantly. An abrupt change did occur during the middle of this period, but, for reasons discussed in the text, this may well represent a change in procedures and philosophy of death certification rather than a real change in rate. Reasons for the apparent discrepancy with national statistics are discussed.