THE BEHAVIOUR OF LEGISLATORS AND BUREAUCRATS AND POLICING EXPENDITURES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND SOME EMPIRICAL RESULTS*

Abstract: This paper is concerned with an analysis of legislation, public administration and government expenditure decisions on policing activities. These three dimensions of government can be used as mechanisms of social control. Whether they are or not is an empirical question that has to be determined in each case. It is shown that there are no strict relationships between the three dimensions of government activity: separate decision-making is undertaken for each of the three dimensions. It is indicated that there are eight possible combinations of the three dimensions, assuming that the three dimensions of government activity are bivariate and discrete. The empirical analysis relates to the state of Queensland and it is concluded that Queensland can be described as a case consisting of authoritarian legislation, public administration contrary to the rule of law, and low policing expenditures.     

“一半是海水，一半是火焰”——比较东、西方女性观浅谈女性解放

Ⅰ "母权制的被推翻,乃是女性的具有世界历史意义的失败."(恩格斯:<家庭、私有制和国家的起源>第二章) 恩格斯从两性地位比较的层面,为女性辉煌的一页历史被轻轻翻过而发出一声沉重的叹息.     

NGOs and Ethnic Conflict: Lessons from the Work of the Project on Ethnic Relations in the Balkans

This article examines the impact of nongovernmental organization-sponsored contact and communication on fostering peaceful solutions to ethnic conflict via case studies of the activities of the Project on Ethnic Relations (PER) in Romania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia. It explores five operational principles that guide PER activity: creating credible, neutral forums for dialogue; maintaining momentum; working within political realities; encouraging indigenous solutions from within existing processes; and acting with the backing of powerful states. These principles explain PER's success as a "weak mediator" of ethnic conflicts. According to this analysis, PER also exhibits organizational characteristics that contribute to success, including nonpartisanship, area expertise and extensive networks of local contacts, and an ability to secure the trust of local actors.
A significant indicator of the success of PER activities is the establishment by conflicting parties of institutionalized mechanisms for addressing their differences. Contrary to the view that electoral competition contributes to conflict, this study finds that the possibility of achieving an electoral advantage by participating cooperatively in conflict resolution activities creates incentives for local actors to recognize opportunities offered by PER activities and leads local actors to heed PER's advice. Finally, the article offers a cautionary observation. While PER's perceived influence with major international actors may contribute to its local successes, once a state actor with the power to impose a solution has committed itself to ending a conflict, its preferences outweigh any local interests in determining the outcome and renders the efforts of a "weak mediator" such as PER irrelevant.     

美国对上海合作组织的看法及政策

美国对上海合作组织的看法,在2005年以后出现了明显的变化。主要表现在学界和战略分析界此前没有太多的关注,其后不仅重视程度提高,且敌视和防范意识明显增强。这将影响美国对上合组织的政策变化。     

乳牛产后血浆瘦素动态与亚临床酮病的相关分析

对某奶牛场16头乳牛产前10 d至产后56 d血样的瘦素、酮体、葡萄糖、脂肪水平及其动态特征和相关性进行了检测。结果表明,血浆瘦素、血酮、血脂含量在不同乳牛和不同时间点之间均有显著差异。酮体在产后14~49 d出现高峰,瘦素和血脂从产后第0 d到产后第56 d内逐渐升高。瘦素水平与血脂水平呈极显著正相关,血酮与血糖呈极显著负相关。亚临床酮病组乳牛的瘦素和血脂水平分别极显著或显著低于血酮正常组,其瘦素、血酮和血糖在试验期内的波动频率明显减少,跨度变长,瘦素在试验期内仅出现一个两端接近0、波峰不超过1.5 ng/mL的波。证实,产后乳牛瘦素、血酮、血糖含量的低频率波动变化和产后8周内血浆瘦素跨时持久的单峰动态变化与乳牛亚临床酮病的发生有关。     

我国企业年金发展的制度环境分析

企业年金是我国养老保障体系的第二支柱 ,具有其特有的功能和重要的地位 ,但是其发展却十分缓慢。本文试图分析企业年金在我国建立与发展的制度环境 ,并且在此基础上提出优化制度环境 ,推进企业年金发展的相关政策建议。     

目前我国物业管理市场存在的问题分析

目前我国物业管理市场虽然发展很快,但问题不少。这个市场本身尚不成熟,物业管理纠纷不断发生,制度缺失依然存在。了解矛盾才能解决矛盾,不断的完善和加强制度建设才能使物业管理市场不断的规范。