Development of hand-wrist bones of 14 year-old adolescents. II. Standard of bony age for girls

OBJECTIVE: To study the current development of hand-wrist bones of adolescents in China, and establish special forensic bony age standard for estimating 14 years of criminal responsible age in female adolescents. METHODS: One hundred and ten healthy girls aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang district of Hunan province were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrists were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 sites on the wrist x-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximal percentage to establish a method to estimate the bony age, which was then checked by single blind method. RESULTS: Development grade of the radius, the middle third phalanx and the fourth phalanx was partially closed (> 2/3), and the rest was wholly-closed with existence of the epiphyseal line. The development grade of the middle third phalanx and fourth phalanx was different between the younger group (< 14 years, partially closed, > 2/3) and the older group (> 14 years, mostly closed with existence of only epiphyseal line). The cross diameter of the osteoepiphysises were wider than that of all the diaphysises. The confirmed accuracy (in 30 girls) was 83.3%. CONCLUSION: Our study seemes to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for bony age determination. The standard established by developmental metaphysis and authropometry may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.     

中国大陆刑法和澳门刑法中共同犯罪比较研究

共同犯罪, 是一种相对于单独犯罪而言的更为复杂的犯罪形态,具有更加严重的社会危害性, 历来是各国及地区刑法的锋芒所向。本文对中国大陆和澳门地区刑法关于共同犯罪的立法模式和内容、共同犯罪的概念与构成、共同犯罪人的种类及处罚以及认定和处理共同犯罪的一些特殊问题等进行了比较研究, 并提出可供两地关于共同犯罪的立法和司法借鉴改善之处。     

Turkish Nationhood: Civic and Ancestral and Cultural

This article challenges two established views in the literature on Turkish nationalism. First, that Turkish nationhood in the early republican era was civic and ethnic and, second, that, while Turkish nationhood was inclusive and egalitarian in constitutional texts, in the early years of the Turkish Republic and in the case of Turkish citizens of Muslim origin, it became exclusive or discriminatory in citizenship practices once the Republic was consolidated and in the case of non-Muslim Turkish citizens. Contra these two established views, I first argue that Turkish nationhood was not civic and ethnic, but it was actually civic and ancestral and cultural. Secondly, relying on an examination of legal texts produced and citizenship practices pursued in the years between 1918 and 1924, I argue that the Turkish nationhood was exclusive and discriminatory both theoretically and practically, on paper as well as in practice, both at the time of the foundation of the republic and once the regime had become consolidated.     

Who Chooses STEM Careers? Using A Relative Cognitive Strength and Interest Model to Predict Careers in Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics

Career aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are formulated in adolescence, making the high school years a critical time period for identifying the cognitive and motivational factors that increase the likelihood of future STEM employment. While past research has mainly focused on absolute cognitive ability levels in math and verbal domains, the current study tested whether relative cognitive strengths and interests in math, science, and verbal domains in high school were more accurate predictors of STEM career decisions. Data were drawn from a national longitudinal study in the United States (N?=?1762; 48?% female; the first wave during ninth grade and the last wave at age 33). Results revealed that in the high-verbal/high-math/high-science ability group, individuals with higher science task values and lower orientation toward altruism were more likely to select STEM occupations. In the low-verbal/moderate-math/moderate-science ability group, individuals with higher math ability and higher math task values were more likely to select STEM occupations. The findings suggest that youth with asymmetrical cognitive ability profiles are more likely to select careers that utilize their cognitive strengths rather than their weaknesses, while symmetrical cognitive ability profiles may grant youth more flexibility in their options, allowing their interests and values to guide their career decisions.     

大陆地区台湾研究发展脉络视角下的《台湾研究》学术影响力评价——基于CNKI、CSSCI与《人大复印报刊资料》的统计分析

本文基于CNKI、CSSCI与《人大复印报刊资料》提供的数据,从载文特点、被引特征、影响因子、网络传播趋势、共被引网络和关键词共现网络等方面,分析了《台湾研究》的学术影响力。结果表明：《台湾研究》在大陆地区台湾研究发展进程中具有重要的学术地位和影响力。     

"文革"时期群众组织产生与社会心理探析

"文革"时期群众组织从其产生直至消亡自始至终制约着"文革"的发展过程。本文以社会心理学的视角对这场运动加以审视,力图说明"文革"时期群众组织的产生,有着广泛的社会心态基础。探究"文革"时期广大民众参加组织所蕴含价值取向的心理特征,对正在向现代化迈进的中国国民有着深刻的反思意义。     

重视珠江中上游地区生态环境建设

文章分析了珠江中上游地区令人担忧的生态环境现状 ,并结合西部大开发战略 ,考虑到该区域经济、社会、环境的协调与可持续发展 ,从生态环境保护与经济效益相结合的观点对该地区规划、科技、机制、管理、生态重建等方面提出了对策措施。     

中外检察制度的考察与比较

世界各国检察制度在机构设置、职权、性质和地位等方面,既有共同点,又存在差异性.检察机关设置方式一般分为审检合一式和审检分立式两种;职权方面,有些国家的检察机关不享有侦查权,起诉案件的范围和起诉裁量权幅度也各有不同;参与民事、行政诉讼的职权范围也有较大差异;英美法系国家的检察机关主要是公诉机关,其法律监督职能较大陆法系国家要小得多,其在诉讼中是一方当事人,法庭活动较为积极,而大陆法系国家检察官以公诉人和法律监督者双重身份参加诉讼,其法庭活动较为消极.     

牟利型投诉举报行为的刑事规制

行为人无中生有编造生产者、经营者的违法事实,其后又通过投诉举报的形式威胁生产者、经营者以获取不当利益,或是在权利受损的情况下,以投诉、举报为要挟获取不当利益,属于典型的牟利型投诉举报行为。牟利型投诉举报行为实质上属于权利滥用,干扰正常市场经济秩序。牟利型投诉举报行为具有复杂性,可类型化区分为无基础权利和有基础权利的牟利型投诉举报行为。牟利型投诉举报行为在刑法意义上具有法益侵害性和规范违法性,应受刑罚处罚,但同时刑法介入应适度合理,遵循罪刑法定原则、恪守第二次法立场以及严格证据裁判规则。无基础权利的牟利型投诉举报行为,因其以胁迫性手段并引起被害人恐惧进而交付财产,符合敲诈勒索罪构成要件;对有基础权利的过度维权行为,应当综合考量案件事实要素,严格限缩犯罪的成立。     

东亚货币合作与中国的角色分析

如何加快东亚货币合作的进程一直是理论界积极研究的课题.亚洲金融危机直接催生了东亚货币合作,建立亚洲货币基金是应对危机的直接反应,"10 3"模式和"清迈协议"是亚洲货币基金思想的具体实践,亚元则是东亚货币合作的最高理想,但目前正在展开的货币合作方案对危机援救的实际效果有限,且受到诸多因素制约.因此,进一步完善清迈货币互换体制、建立区域内汇率稳定机制、发展亚洲债券市场和最终建立东亚共同货币区等分阶段渐进模式是今后东亚货币合作的最好选择.作为地区性大国,中国应该积极参与东亚货币合作进程并发挥主导作用.