Development of hand-wrist bones of 14 year-old adolescents. II. Standard of bony age for girls

OBJECTIVE: To study the current development of hand-wrist bones of adolescents in China, and establish special forensic bony age standard for estimating 14 years of criminal responsible age in female adolescents. METHODS: One hundred and ten healthy girls aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang district of Hunan province were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrists were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 sites on the wrist x-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximal percentage to establish a method to estimate the bony age, which was then checked by single blind method. RESULTS: Development grade of the radius, the middle third phalanx and the fourth phalanx was partially closed (> 2/3), and the rest was wholly-closed with existence of the epiphyseal line. The development grade of the middle third phalanx and fourth phalanx was different between the younger group (< 14 years, partially closed, > 2/3) and the older group (> 14 years, mostly closed with existence of only epiphyseal line). The cross diameter of the osteoepiphysises were wider than that of all the diaphysises. The confirmed accuracy (in 30 girls) was 83.3%. CONCLUSION: Our study seemes to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for bony age determination. The standard established by developmental metaphysis and authropometry may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.     

中国地方应对气候变化先行立法研究

立法是我国应对气候变化进程的必由之路.《巴黎协定》中“国家自主贡献”模式的确立为我国气候立法工作指明了方向.在国家立法遇阻的情形下,凭借“自下而上”路径推动我国地方省市先行立法,在国家生态文明建设的重大变革期具有现实必要性与可行性.在此路径的开拓中,地方立法者应当采取渐进式立法模式,寻求立法空间的扩大,逐步构建起地方综合性应对气候变化法律体系,并加强地方立法中的多元利益协调.     

健康成年人身高全基因组关联及遗传性缺失研究进展

人类身高是由基因与环境等因素共同决定的多基因遗传性状,其遗传率高达80%以上。迄今为止已经发现了一定数量的人类身高相关基因,尤其是全基因组关联分析方法的出现及成功应用,大大加速了这一进程。然而,已发现的SNPs位点仅能解释小部分身高基因变异。本文综述了目前国内外健康成人身高全基因组关联及遗传性缺失研究进展。     

重建耻骨联合三维结构用于活体年龄推断的技术方法

目的建立基于MRI成像的快速耻骨联合三维结构重建技术方法。方法利用3.0 T超导磁共振仪对成年男性志愿者骨盆进行T1小角度快速激发3D梯度回波序列扫描,进行二值化阈值分割、区域增长提取骨盆软组织图像;运算获得耻骨联合三维结构模型雏形,经逆向工程软件降噪处理建立耻骨联合三维结构模型,并与耻骨CT扫描三维结构重建模型进行比较。结果耻骨联合面沟嵴、下端、腹侧缘(斜面)、背侧缘(斜面)、耻骨结节等结构显示完整,无明显噪点,与CT扫描三维重建模型吻合较好。结论 MRI扫描成像可实现快速有效的耻骨联合三维结构重建,可为法医活体年龄推断提供安全无辐射作用的三维可视化影像学技术方法。     

用山地人足迹分析年龄的研究

山地地貌对人体结构形态的影响决定了其特定的足迹形态 ,用其分析年龄的方法不同于平地人足迹分析年龄方法 ,依据这一特性 ,本文研究并制订了利用山地人足迹分析年龄的理论和方法。     

我国地理标志保护的问题和对策

我国地理标志保护主要有两个方面的问题:一是工商部门商标保护和质检部门地理标志产品保护两种保护机制的冲突和重叠,二是国内外市场上大量不规范使用地理标志行为对我国地理标志声誉及相关产业的消极影响。一、商标保护和地理标志产品保护的矛盾和重叠     

论检察机关司法审查的法理基础

被视为现代“司法国家”典型代表和核心要素的司法审查制度①,其本质是根据宪法原则和法律规定,通过一中立性的司法机构,对立法、行政活动进行审查裁决,以达到制约公权和保障人权之目的。在西方国家乃至世界绝大多数国家,由法院主持司法审查,这是“三权分立”的必然产物,且在这     

浅谈行政执法中投诉较多的原因及减少投诉之对策

我国法律、法规80%以上都要由行政机关来执行,行政机关的执法活动不仅直接代表了政府的形象,而且直接关系到行政管理相对人的切身利益,关系到国家的长治久安,意义极其重大。近年来,由于各种原因,行政管理相对人对行政机关的行政执法活动投诉较多,引起这种现象的既有执法理念的原因,也有执法者法律素质不高导致法律适用不当的原因,等等。减少这一问题需要从观念转变、增强法律素质、完善监督体制、加强责任追究、行政追偿和加大普法力度等方面入手。     

质疑民间文学艺术作品的著作权保护

我国现有立法把民间文学艺术作品纳入到著作权法的保护范围。但是在仔细探究民间文学艺术作品和著作权的概念和属性后,不难发现:民间文学艺术是产生于、存在于、发展于公有领域的智力成果,权利主体无法确定,不适合著作权法的设权保护模式。从民间文学艺术作品和著作权的概念入手分析,民间文学艺术作品不应由著作权法提供保护,民间文学艺术作品的"保护",是"保存"之意,应用非物质文化遗产的保护办法拯救民间文学艺术作品。     

Urban renewal as policy innovation in China: From growth stimulation to sustainable development

A major policy innovation in China, urban renewal creates an opportunity to promote sustainable inner‐city development and to foster economic growth in an environmentally and culturally sound way, which demands a close investigation of its context, internal and external dynamics, and policy features. Property‐led redevelopment dominated China's urban renewal since the early 1990s, as a result of the market reform and political decentralization. Recently, it has become important to meet the interests of local communities and the diverse stakeholders in the effort to preserve the urban history and cultural fabric of cities. Contextual factors in urban renewal policy and its innovation are investigated by analyzing a pioneering case in Guangzhou from a longitudinal study approach. The impact of the structural‐instrumental, cultural‐institutional, and environmental perspective on policy innovation with the change of contextual factors that transformed the development ideology and the managerial practice are identified to provide a new angle of studying policy innovation in the urban field.