A report of an international collaborative experiment to demonstrate the uniformity obtainable using DNA profiling techniques.

This paper describes a collaborative exercise intended to demonstrate whether uniformity of DNA profile results could be achieved between different European laboratories. It was shown that this goal can be obtained provided that a common protocol is followed (specifically the use of a common electrophoretic buffer as being the most important parameter). Generally, lower molecular weight loci (with lower molecular weight fragments) such as YNH24 perform better than higher molecular weight loci such as MS43a. The results of the exercise are discussed in relation to the objectives of the European DNA profiling group (EDNAP).     

大众传媒与中国外交政策的制定

我国自20世纪70年代末启动改革开放进程,由此媒体对中国外交政策制定的影响总体上呈逐渐上升的趋势.目前中国的大众传媒之于外交政策显示了五大主要的功能.尽管中国外交政策的制定还不是一个充分开放的过程,但体制内的政治精英仍可引导公众舆论,影响大众的认知.     

南非教育的改革与发展

1994年以来,南非新政府把提高全民教育水平作为基本政策,旨在实现社会经济可持续发展。新制度的确立使种族主义教育成为历史,教育部门的变革和重建随即展开。新政府的重要任务是促进建立统一、公平、高质量的国家教育体制,使所有南非国民能够平等地接受教育。尤其重视改善在种族隔离制度下受到歧视的非洲黑人的受教育条件,以增强他们在社会经济中的竞争力。     

利伯曼及其领导的以色列家园党

在以色列第17届议会大选中,利伯曼领导的前苏联移民党——家园党获得了11个议席,从一个小党一跃成为议会第五大党。它的崛起主要靠其传统优势、铁腕路线和竞选策略,最大限度地争取前苏联移民、强硬分子和摇摆性选民的支持;同时,民众对前进党的猜疑、对利库德集团的失望,以及对哈马斯的担忧,也为家园党的胜出添加了有利条件。未来,家园党将不断扩大自身的影响力,积极谋求进一步的发展,并可能给以色列政局带来不少变数。     

Impact of tropical conditions on thin layer chromatography in analytical toxicology: high temperatures and moderate humidities.

The impact of high temperatures (24 to 39 degrees C) and low to moderately high humidities (20 to 70%) on the applicability of TLC systems for drug identification was studied during a 6 month climatologic cycle in Burkina Faso (West Africa). In general, the Rf values as observed on the plates were found to be substantially affected as compared with values obtained at temperate climates. Some TLC systems were more affected than others and the largest deviations of up to 30 Rf units were at low humidities. Tropical conditions also had a negative effect on the reproducibility of Rf values. However, when an Rf-correction procedure was applied, using reference mixtures of known drugs on each plate, accuracy as well as reproducibility of the resulting Rfc values were drastically improved and data thus corrected were found to be compatible with existing TLC data bases developed under moderate climatological conditions. The impact of high to extremely high humidities (70 to 100%) remains to be investigated.     

Traditions of governance: interpreting the changing role of the public sector

The role of the state is changing under the impact of, for example, globalization. The changes have been variously understood as the new public management (NPM), the hollowing–out of the state and the new governance. This special issue of Public Administration explores the changing role of the state in advanced industrial democracies. It focuses on the puzzle of why states respond differently to common trends.
This introductory article has three aims. First, we provide a brief review of the existing literature on public sector reform to show that our approach is distinctive. We argue that the existing literature does not explore the ways in which governmental traditions shape reform. Second, we outline an interpretive approach to the analysis of public sector reform built on the notions of beliefs, traditions, dilemmas and narratives. We provide brief illustrations of these ideas drawn from the individual country articles. Finally, we outline the ground covered by all the chapters but we do not summarize and compare their experiences of reform. That task is reserved for the concluding article.     

一种收集衣服上脱落细胞的新方法

目的建立一种生物脱落细胞的微量提取新方法。方法利用一套自制的“生物细胞提取仪”无损提取衣物等载体上的人体脱落细胞,采用Chelex-100法提取DNA,用不同的试剂盒进行STR复合扩增检验。结果10例检材都得到16个基因座成功分型。结论用该方法提取微量细胞DNA,可获得满意的DNA分型。     

Logical evaluation of evidence when a person is suspected of committing two separate offences.

We consider the problem of drawing inferences within a legal framework when a person is a suspect for two separate offences. Although we are primarily concerned with scientific evidence the issue inevitably arises as to how that evidence interacts with other, non-scientific evidence. We show that, in this particular context, the evidence can be conveniently classified into three categories that concern, respectively: the first crime only; the second crime only; and evidence that relates to similarities between the two crimes. Two case examples are considered and we consider DNA, fibres and eyewitness evidence. These are viewed from the perspective of a prosecutor who has to decide whether or not to charge a suspect with one or both crimes. Graphical sensivity analyses are presented which have features that are not intuitively obvious.     

The Evolution of Anti-dumping Legislation of European Union

The Course of DevelopmentJanuary 1, 1958 entry into force of the "European Econ-omic Community (EEC) Treaty", more commonly known as the"Rome Treaty," the establishment of the first European Econ-omic Community established based on the principle of the Cu…