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121.
Japan was more dependent upon ocean shipping than any other major power during World War II, and the sea route had been the
only means of transportation between Korea and Japan. The connecting steamers contributed to Japan’s wartime economy by transporting
not only raw materials, but also forced laborers and sex slaves between Korea and Japan. More importantly, these connecting
steamers were linked to railroads and land routes in Korea and were connected to various systems of transportation, including
merchant ships and regular liners outside Japan. In this paper, we examine how Korean laborers and sex slaves were mobilized
and transported from Korea to Japan during World War II by focusing on the interdependent relations between railroad-connecting
ships and a travel agency.
Edward T. Chang is professor of Ethnic Studies and the former director of the Center for Asian Pacific America at the University of California, Riverside. Chang is considered one of the foremost interpreters of the Los Angeles civil unrest and race relations. He has lectured on the topics of Korean-African American Relations and the Los Angeles civil unrest at many universities around the country. Chang is the author of several books including Ethnic Peace in the American City: Community Building in Los Angeles and Beyond, Following the Footsteps of Korean Americans, Asian American, and Who African Americans Are. Min Young Kim is Professor at the School of Economics and International Trade of Kunsan National University of Korea and a former visiting research scholar of the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Riverside. He earned his B.A. (1984) and M.A. (1986) in Economics and Ph.D. (1991) in Economic History at Chonnam National University of Korea. Professor Kim’s research interests include the Korea-Japan relations and Japanese Koreans, colonial immigration of Koreans, forced labour and its redress, and transportation of comfort women. Kim is the author of several books including The Study on the Exploitation of Korean Forced Labourers in the Japanese Colonial Period [in Korean] (1995; Hanul Press). 相似文献
Edward T. ChangEmail: |
Edward T. Chang is professor of Ethnic Studies and the former director of the Center for Asian Pacific America at the University of California, Riverside. Chang is considered one of the foremost interpreters of the Los Angeles civil unrest and race relations. He has lectured on the topics of Korean-African American Relations and the Los Angeles civil unrest at many universities around the country. Chang is the author of several books including Ethnic Peace in the American City: Community Building in Los Angeles and Beyond, Following the Footsteps of Korean Americans, Asian American, and Who African Americans Are. Min Young Kim is Professor at the School of Economics and International Trade of Kunsan National University of Korea and a former visiting research scholar of the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Riverside. He earned his B.A. (1984) and M.A. (1986) in Economics and Ph.D. (1991) in Economic History at Chonnam National University of Korea. Professor Kim’s research interests include the Korea-Japan relations and Japanese Koreans, colonial immigration of Koreans, forced labour and its redress, and transportation of comfort women. Kim is the author of several books including The Study on the Exploitation of Korean Forced Labourers in the Japanese Colonial Period [in Korean] (1995; Hanul Press). 相似文献
122.
Griffith Julianne M. Clark Hannah M. Haraden Dustin A. Young Jami F. Hankin Benjamin L. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2021,50(8):1550-1563
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Adolescence has long been purported to be a period of emotional upheaval, yet relatively little is known regarding normative patterns of change in youth positive... 相似文献
123.
The use of a fluorescent dye to visualize cellular material on surfaces offers a targeted sampling approach for locating touch DNA on casework items. However, the current application of such dye is not feasible for examination of relatively large items. As a result, development of an efficient dye application system is required to translate this approach into practice. Here, the spray pattern (area covered, intensity, and evenness) of 15 different commercial spray devices was examined visually using food coloring. From this, five devices were selected to apply Diamond Nucleic Acid Dye (DD) to three substrates (glass slide, plastic sheet, and brown packing tape) seeded with saliva and touch DNA. The cellular material was visualized using the Dino-lite Microscope and Polilight. The inhibitory effects of DD afforded by each spray device were examined using Identifiler Plus® DNA profiling kit and a DNA input of 800 pg. The two most promising devices were further tested on a range of mock casework items seeded with touch DNA. The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of a spray system to apply DD to large surfaces and subsequently detect cellular material at both micro and macroscale. Specifically, the data suggest that a pressurized continuous-spray system is favorable and that droplet size influences the intensity of fluorescence and surface coverage. Furthermore, this study indicates that full STR profiles can be obtained following spraying with DD solution, even with excessive application, which is essential for the widespread use of these devices in casework. 相似文献
124.
Young Oran R. Stokke Olav Schram 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2020,20(1):5-19
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - Many efforts to solve environmental problems arising at the international or transnational level meet with limited success or... 相似文献
125.
Robert D. Latzman Kim L. Gratz John Young Laurie J. Heiden John D. Damon Terry L. Hight 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(3):270-280
Despite the clinical relevance of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) among youth, little is known about the subset
of youth most at-risk for SITB. This study examined the moderating roles of gender, racial/ethnic background, and school-level
(and their interactions) on rates of SITB within a large (N = 2638, 52.2% female), ethnically-diverse sample of middle- and high-school youth in a relatively poor and underserved area
of the Southern United States. Extending extant research in this area, findings indicated a significant interaction between
gender and race for self-injurious behaviors, with African–American boys reporting higher rates than all other groups. Findings
also indicated significant interactions between school-level and both gender and race for self-injurious thoughts. Whereas
comparable levels of self-injurious thoughts were reported across middle- and high-schools for girls and African–American
youth, the frequency of these thoughts was higher among both boys and White students in high-school (vs. middle-school). Results
highlight the need for further research on SITB among diverse youth in underserved areas. 相似文献
126.
127.
This article examines the implications of high levels of informal (or invalid) voting in Australian national elections using a social exclusion framework. The rate of the informal vote is an indicator of social and political exclusion with particular groups of Australians experiencing inordinate electoral disadvantage. Poorer voters, voters from non‐English speaking backgrounds and those with low education levels are especially disadvantaged by factors peculiar to the Australian voting experience. We begin by exploring the character and pattern of informal voting and then canvass the technical and socio‐economic factors which explain it. We conclude by considering proposed options for reducing informality, some of which are: the abandonment of compulsory voting, major structural change to the voting system as well as ballot re‐design, electoral education and community information initiatives. 相似文献
128.
In public management, few empirical studies have been conducted on the effects of the most influential political authorities—the legislature and the president—on government organizations, despite the theoretical and practical significance of these effects. This study tests the relationships between legislative and presidential influences and organizational probity in South Korean central government agencies, on the basis of political transaction-cost and principal–agent theories. We use three measures of legislative influence—inspectional influence (total annual days of legislative inspection), statutory influence (rules-to-laws ratio), and budgetary influence (ratio of reprogramming budget to total budget), and one measure of presidential influence (annual number of substantive meetings with the president). Then, these independent variables are linked to the organizational probity measure from audited archival data. The two-time-point panel data analysis reveals a positive link between legislative inspectional influence and probity but a negative relationship between the presidential influence measure and probity; the results support theoretical arguments for control over administrative agencies. Thus, the evidence suggests that governments should be cautious of implementing reforms that increase organizational or managerial autonomy. 相似文献
129.
Citizen Expectations and Satisfaction in a Young Democracy: A Test of the Expectancy‐Disconfirmation Model 下载免费PDF全文
Nicolai Petrovsky Jue Young Mok Filadelfo León‐Cázares 《Public administration review》2017,77(3):395-407
Citizen satisfaction with public services has been shown to depend on citizens’ expectations and their perceptions of performance. If performance exceeds expectations, satisfaction is likely; if performance falls short of expectations, dissatisfaction is likely. The existing evidence on this process covers the United States and the United Kingdom. The authors generalize the idea of expectation‐driven citizen satisfaction (the “expectancy‐disconfirmation model”) theoretically and empirically to an institutional context of limited accountability and widespread citizen distrust. Using a survey of a broad cross‐section of the general adult population in Guadalajara, Mexico, in 2014, this article finds support for the expectancy‐disconfirmation model in this very different context. The authors also test for an effect of the type of expectation using an embedded, randomized experiment but do not find evidence of a difference between normative and empirical expectations. Findings support the usefulness of the expectancy‐disconfirmation model in a wide range of contexts. 相似文献
130.
Young Sokphea 《Journal of Civil Society》2017,13(1):35-53
As a contribution to the growing literature on transnational advocacy networks (TANs) in the global production networks, this article examines how civil society organizations (CSOs), which have adopted the TAN approach, influence the sugar industry in Cambodia. Due to ineffective domestic influencing strategies, the CSOs adopted the TAN approach and escalated to an international supply chain movement approach (ISCMA) aiming to influence international stakeholders at each stage of the sugar supply chain in order to leverage boomerang pressure on the sugar producing companies and the Government of Cambodia. Despite its resourceful networking strategies, the ISCMA failed to leverage significant influence on the sugar companies and the government to achieve its demands. The failure was not due to weak networks, but was in part due to the political nexus between the government and the sugar companies. This article suggests that to ensure the effectiveness of CSOs’ actions within the TAN framework in the global production networks, one should take into account the power of the government in relation to local politico-commercial elites. 相似文献