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41.
J L Young H V Zonana L Shepler 《The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law》1986,14(2):105-122
Risk of relapse and recidivism makes the failure to take antipsychotic medication as prescribed a significant issue in forensic psychiatry. This question may arise in such contexts as the setting of bail, plea bargaining, the insanity defense, and sentencing. We have reviewed the literature on medication noncompliance in schizophrenia and present here the results, organized by topics relevant for the work of forensic mental health experts. Reported rates of noncompliance vary widely, reflecting major differences in the populations studied and the methods used as well as the complexities involved in defining noncompliant behavior. A noncompliance rate of 50 percent has been attributed globally to chronic patients, both medical and psychiatric. The tendency of significant factors to interact precludes a simple typology of noncompliance. However, environmental security and supportiveness correlate positively with adherence; whereas anxiety, paranoia, grandiosity, depression, and side effects correlate negatively. Clinicians' assessments of whether medication is being taken have proven to be unreliable. Although monitoring by chemical measurement, particularly a radioreceptor assay for urine samples, can be useful, depot injection ensures that prescribed medication is being taken. Less invasive means of promoting compliance are described; psychodynamic and ethical issues to be considered in the monitoring and promotion of compliance over extended time periods are presented. We also probe the link between medication noncompliance and behavioral relapse. The time between default and relapse is most often measured in weeks. Whether due to medication withdrawal or not, the relapse pattern of each individual tends to repeat, allowing its recognition before recidivism occurs. Restarting medication at this stage, especially with a dosage increase, is usually effective. In sum, the forensic mental health expert can now readily use a large and diverse literature to assist with a variety of significant issues. 相似文献
42.
David B. Young 《Journal of criminal justice》1983,11(4):317-326
Ever since Cesare Beccaria's On Crimes and Punishments first appeared in 1764, it has been common to regard its author as a theorist of criminal jurisprudence who stressed considerations of utility to the exclusion of considerations of justice. There is strong evidence for this view, and Beccaria was in many ways a forerunner of Bentham. There is, however, another side to Beccaria that has often been overlooked. In the way in which he established the right of the sovereign to punish and in his concern for the rights of the criminal (rights which no consideration of utility could override), Beccaria showed that he was much closer to the outlook commonly associated with Kant and Hegel than one would at first suspect. Though there were utilitarian aspects to his thought, Beccaria may be considered basically a retributivist who incorporated certain obvious, though by no means dominant, utilitarian themes into his work. In blending utilitarianism and retributivism, Beccaria was usually consistent, and he usually gave greater emphasis to the former. 相似文献
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Jock Young 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1987,11(4):337-356
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Laurence Armand French Ph.D.'s BCFE BCFM Thomas J. Young Ph.D. 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1996,11(2):38-41
Early trauma, especially alleged recollected sexual or ritualistic abuse, has dominated both the clinical and legal systems
recently. The clinical/legal challenge is to discern between true abuse and false memories. Modern medical technology has
provided new insights into the operation of the brain along with the central and peripheral nervous systems and their relationship
to the endocrine system. We now have a better understanding of how our system processes trauma and severe anxiety. An understanding
of trauma recollection and client's susceptibility to causal suggestions from the neuropsychological perspective is crucial
when these types of abuses are alleged. 相似文献
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