美国能从中东脱困吗?

自2003年3月23日美国发动伊拉克战争迄今已历四年。四年来,美国软硬实力、内政外交因为这场战争而发生了什么样的变化?国际战略形势又随之出现了哪些变迁?对中国而言,加速发展的战略机遇期是否还将持续?伊拉克战争本身又带来哪些启示?围绕这些问题,《现代国际关系》编辑部举办了“伊拉克战争四周年国际战略形势”专题研讨会,邀请一些知名国际问题专家进行了深入探讨。现将与会专家学者的主要观点辑录刊发,以期对读者更好地理解和把握这些问题有所裨益。     

权利是如何实现的——纠纷解决过程中的行动策略、传媒与司法

社会变迁为民事主体提起诉讼提供了制度背景。行动策略经常影响权利实现的程度。传媒是诉讼过程中的重要支撑机构。传媒通过重构案件细节、塑造法律事实、提供知识、制造公共舆论等环节对个案产生影响。在一些存在法律漏洞的疑难案件中,传媒对司法的影响是表像,其后反映的是支持不同主张的力量的较量。这反映了转型社会下不同利益的重组。     

外国政党动态

6月16日,德国左翼党-民社党、劳动与社会公正选举抉择党两个左翼政党正式宣告合并为德国左翼党,左翼党实行双主席制,左翼党-民社党主席比斯基、劳动与社会公正选举抉择党领导人拉方丹分别当选该党双主席.     

朝核试验后的"六方会谈"机制

2006年,国际格局调整加快,世界热点问题升温,大国协调进一步展开,中国外交硕果累累。2007年,世界将进入深度调整,国际形势总体趋向缓和,但局部紧张可能加剧,尤其是伊朗核问题有可能升级,中国外交则在面对新机遇的同时有可能遭遇更复杂的挑战。鉴此,《现代国际关系》编辑部于2007年1月6日举办“2007年国际大势前瞻”研讨会,特别邀请30多位京内外专家学者在总结、回顾2006年国际形势的基础上,着重对2007年国际形势及中国外交的变化趋势进行前瞻性分析。现将研讨会主要观点辑录如下,以期有助于读者更准确把握国际形势走向。     

Asian values revisited

  With Asia's economy still booming in the second half of the 1990's “Asian values” were announced by some politicians (Lee Kuan Yew, Mahatir, Ishihara, Mahbubani etc.) and contrasted with “Western values”. Soon a controversial debate within Asia ensued (Kim, Fidel Ramos ea..), into which also the western democracies joined. The “West” however reacted rather defensively to the new assertiveness of some Asian statesmen, inspite of the fact that the authors of this debate put into question the western dominance in global value setting which has been in existence since the French revolution. But has this debate withstood the test of time, the challenges posed by the recession in Asia and by the ever increasing globalization? Hardly. The crisis has destroyed the notion that “Asian values” had been the main cause and guarantor of Asia's exorbitant growth rates. While in the West Christianity forms the essential basics of culture, in Asia there is a multitude of coexisting - and frequently confronting world religions. There is no other continent which in cultural and political terms is so contradictory and potentially conflict ridden like Asia. “Asianism” as a concept was surely also intended as an instrument to integrate multiethnic Asian societies with weak internal cohesion. At the same time it served to neutralize the human rights issue. In the meantime the debate has become quieter and more dispassionate. In the developed West the notion gained acceptance to abandon “Eurocentrism”. At the same time there is recognition that “Asian values” are not exclusive. Also in Europe the family plays a special role. A debate on values is needed for societal integration – also in the “West” which should become more aware of the need to reassert the origins of its own spiritual foundations. Following September 11th the west is well advised to continue the dialogue on values with Asia. Update and expanded version of an article first published in: Au?enpolitik IV/1996, p. 326 “Beginnt das pazifische Jahrhundert?” I would like to thank Julia Prati for the translation of the updated and expanded version of this article     

非洲国际法初探

目前国际法学界对于是否存在“非洲国际法”尚有诸多争议。一些学者认为,国际法在本质上是普遍性的,因此,“非洲国际法”这种提法是错误的;还有一些学者则认为,从国际法的历史发展进程来看,普遍国际法现在还远未形成。综合来看,上述两种观点都有其合理性的一面。实际上,在当代国际法中,普遍主义与区域主义的关系是辩证统一的。因此,从当代国际法的现实特征,以及非洲国际关系的历史发展进程来说,非洲国际法是客观存在的,且有其自己独特的概念与渊源。     

从中俄互办"国家年"看两国经贸合作取向

中俄互办"国家年",有利于推动两国经贸合作关系的战略升级。笔者认为,促进中俄经贸合作应抓住以下重点:加快能源领域合作进程,朝市场化方向推进;拓展资源开发项目合作空间,以高科技促进经济可持续发展;改善两国商品贸易结构,规范经贸合作秩序;加强毗邻地区之间的经贸关系,合作开创边境区域经济振兴带。     

The Gwadar Port Issue in Sino-U.S. Relations

Because of its unique geopolitical importance,China's aid to construct Gwadar Port has caused much concern in the U.S. and other countries. The U.S. sees it as strategic expansion in the Indian Ocean and claims that China is intent on using Gwadar Port as a naval base in its "string of pearls strategy." The U.S. and China maintain conflicting interests on this issue. Although Sino-U.S.relations may not be affected greatly in the near future, the negative influence in the long term cannot be ignored.     

区际民事案件移送制度初探

区际民事案件移送制度的作用主要是为了节约司法资源、减低司法成本、提高司法效率、保证司法公正、缓和区际管辖权冲突、避免当事人挑选法院、保护当事人合法的诉讼权益和促进区际司法协助等。美国和澳大利亚区际民事案件移送制度的立法与实践对我国具有一定的借鉴意义。     

毒鼠强中毒大鼠脑GABA及GABAAR-α1的表达

目的探讨毒鼠强中毒大鼠脑GABA及GABAAR-α1表达的变化及可能机制。方法健康Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、空白对照组、高剂量中毒组和低剂量中毒组,每组5只。高剂量中毒组每只以1.0mg/kg的剂量用毒鼠强悬浊液灌胃,低剂量中毒组每只以0.1mg/kg的剂量用毒鼠强溶液灌胃制作中毒模型。应用免疫组化技术和图像分析仪对GABA及GABAAR-α1的表达情况和变化规律进行研究。结果(1)正常大鼠脑组织内GABA及GABAAR-α1表达较为广泛,维持在中等水平;(2)高剂量中毒组脑内GABA及GABAAR-α1表达均下降;(3)低剂量中毒组脑内GABA表达先下降,于中毒后6h降至最低,后表达开始增加,3d时接近对照组水平,5～7d达高峰,10d时仍高于对照组;(4)低剂量中毒组脑内GABAAR-α1表达先下降,于中毒后6～12h降至最低,后表达开始增加,7～10d时接近对照组水平。结论(1)高剂量毒鼠强中毒情况下,GABA及GABAAR-α1表达均下降;(2)大鼠脑GABA及GABAAR-α1表达改变与毒鼠强中毒的发生机制密切相关。