Beyond Primacy: Hegemony and ‘Security Addiction’ in U.S. Grand Strategy

The George W. Bush administration embraced a particularly aggressive counter-terrorist and counter-proliferation strategy after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The “Bush Doctrine,” as it became known, reflects a “primacist” approach to grand strategy that aims not only to eliminate global terrorist networks and cowl rogue state proliferators, but also to dissuade potential near-peer competitors from challenging the American-centred international system. Critics expect that this ambitious approach to strategic affairs has become unsustainable in the face of the growing quagmire in Iraq. But “security addiction” in the post-9/11 environment has instead created conditions for a bipartisan consensus on the overall direction, if not the particular modalities, of “primacist” grand strategies. Despite the unpopularity of the Bush administration and significant American commitments to Afghanistan and Iraq, it is highly unlikely that President Barack Obama will heed calls for military retrenchment or strategic restraint.     

Who Will Fight For Us?

Our military is in reasonably good shape today, but it is working very hard and the level of individual sacrifice among soldiers and Marines, in particular, is very high. Were it not for the distinct likelihood of a major reduction in combined deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan by 2010, we would need urgent responses to the situation now. And if those missions go less well, or less quickly, than now hoped—or if, heaven forbid, another war breaks out in the meantime—additional measures will be required.     

金融危机对俄罗斯石油工业的影响

2008年,由美国次贷危机引发的金融危机如海啸般席卷全球,并逐渐演变为全面的经济危机,把世界经济推向衰退,其中发达经济体正在遭受第二次世界大战以来最严重的经济衰退,新兴和发展中经济体正在经历严重的经济下滑.     

少数民族地区集市的文化内涵分析——透视昙华彝族"赶街"

集市是人类社会发展的产物.与城市中的市场不同,少数民族地区的集市积淀着传统的民族文化,是不同文化与民族交流的重要空间,具有地区性、民族性的特征.在变迁的社会中,少数民族集市是现代文化、传统文化、其他民族文化的连接点.少数民族地区集市丰富的文化内涵以及它对整个社区网络的纽带作用,使其具有重要的研究价值.     

笔迹鉴定员的素养与其工作质量

笔迹检验过程中,鉴定员的目的动机、情感、实践经验等主观因素,有时可能会给检验造成一定的消极影响。从认识论角度分析,鉴定员主观因素在检验中的消极影响会客观存在,应研究避免消极因素影响的对策。     

用发展的观点和办法解决民营企业劳动关系新矛盾

当前中国民营企业劳动关系有所改善、总体和谐。但是,存在着突出的局部问题,有的还十分尖锐和复杂。该文分析了中国民营企业劳动关系方面存在的各种问题和矛盾,提出应以科学发展观为指导,区别不同情况进行分类指导,坚持用发展的观点和办法解决当前民营企业劳动关系的问题和矛盾。     

法国农业合作组织及其对中国的启示

二战后,法国农业取得了巨大的成就,这是与其大力发展农业合作组织分不开的。法国的农业合作组织可以分为农业互助组织、农业合作社和农业互助信贷组织三种类型。在其发展过程中,法国政府发挥了不可替代的作用。法国成功经验给我们诸多启示:发展农业合作组织是以个体经营为农业基础的国家的正确选择,这些组织必须建立在自愿和为成员服务的基础上,政府必须在其发展中发挥引导、支持和监督作用。     

日本政治中政商关系的历史传承性

日本商界在日本战后政治决策中占有重要的地位,不仅影响着日本经济态势的发展,而且直接参与了政治过程的运作。本文通过对日本商界的起源和发展的分析,揭示其与日本政治结成的紧密关系,以及这种政商关系所具有的历史传承性。本文认为,日本商界从最初就与政治密不可分,这种政商关系在二战后初期,即盟军占领时期非但没有被消除,反而在战后的几十年中更加发展,并成为维护日本保守政治的一个重要角色。     

Why Foreign Fighters?: Historical Perspectives and Solutions

Insurgencies that recruit foreign nationals to join rebel groups in various civil wars around the globe are a source of growing concern to policymakers. Despite attention focused on recent Islamist groups, foreign fighters are a phenomenon that is neither new nor uniquely Islamic. In conflicts from the Spanish Civil War to the Afghanistan War, insurgencies consistently recruited foreigners by framing the local war as one that threatened a shared transnational identity group and necessitated a defensive mobilization. It is therefore possible to draw lessons about combating their flow through counter-recruitment from a wide array of historical cases.     

Sovereignty and the Foreign Fighter Problem

Sovereignty is the bedrock of international law. If security requires that the United States transgress sovereign borders to attack foreign fighters and their support networks hiding in third countries, then the U.S. should adopt a strategy to amend international law accordingly. One should not be too quick, however, to disregard a robust notion of sovereignty, a concept that has helped avert conflict among the world's major powers. The United States needs a strategy for sovereignty's future that is based in the emerging security context and a prioritization of American interests. Instead, the United States and the rest of the world are meandering toward a less robust sovereignty with weaker and more ambiguous international law. The U.S. and its global interests would be better served by strong and clear international rules that increase predictability and that confer legitimacy to action against dangerous enemies.