The welfare impacts of market channel choice by smallholder farmers in Tanzania

This article analyses the impact of market channel choice on household welfare by maize and pigeon pea smallholder farmers in Tanzania, using a multinomial endogenous treatment approach. The study utilises farm household-level data collected from a randomly selected sample of 700 smallholder farmers. The results show that participation with traders in nearby markets and wholesalers in nearby towns have a positive effect on consumption expenditure per capita relative to brokers at the farmgate, for both maize and pigeon pea-farming households. The study suggests that interventions that aimed at inclusion of smallholder farmers in more profitable markets could improve household welfare and reduce poverty among rural households.     

The Young Turk revolution: comparisons and connections

This article consists of a comparative analysis on the one hand, and an attempt to trace influences and connections, on the other. In the comparative part, it seeks to determine the place of the Ottoman constitutional revolution of July 1908 in the global wave of revolutions in the decade before the First World War. It accepts that there is a high degree of similarity in the liberal constitutionalist ideology of the revolutionary movements, but emphasizes the differences in the social bases of the revolutionary movements. In the part on connections, the influences on the Young Turks' ideology, organisation and revolutionary methodology are traced, as well as the influence they exerted on other revolutionary movements.     

社群主义:改变抑或取代西方自由话语结构

自由主义的出发点是个人,强调个人自由;而社群主义的话语中心是社群,注重公共利益。自由主义在当代西方政治哲学中仍居主流地位,目前社群主义只不过是对自由主义片面性的一种矫正,它还未能取代西方个人自由的话语。自由主义的核心理念——个人本位恰恰是中国历史与现实语境所匮乏的文化传统和精神资源,对中国当下及未来的发展都具有针对性的匡正意义。     

试析法律职业共同体与法律人才培养共同体之间的互动

法律职业的产生与形成始终与法学教育有着不解之缘。为解决多年来形成的将法律人才培养体制分解为位于不同阶段相互缺乏必要联系的结构失范问题 ,我们必须通过系统的方法 ,从法律人才培养的全过程出发、从法学教育的双重属性出发 ,尽快重构法律人才的宏观培养体制 ,使目前相互分离的法律学科教育制度、法律职业教育制度、司法考试制度、法律职业技能训练制度和终身化的继续教育制度整合构建成一个完整的法律人才培养共同体 ,进而形成法律职业共同体与法律人才培养共同体之间的良性互动。     

Litigation, experimentation, and reputation

This paper develops a multiple-plaintiff game with a correlation across plaintiffs' private information (damage levels). It argues that the defendant engages in experimentation to learn (or remain uninformed about) the plaintiffs' types and play tougher (or softer) in the initial case when another party may also have an interest in the suit.