Writer identification using hand-printed and non-hand-printed questioned documents

Several federal district court judges have recently referred to the purported lack of information on the proficiency of forensic document examiners (FDEs) in identifying writers of hand-printed documents. In order to provide the necessary information, we have re-analyzed data on writer identification that were collected in 1996 from 90 forensic document examiners and 34 laypersons. These data were used previously to assess the proficiency of FDEs using handwritten documents in several different types of writing. In the new analysis we separated data on hand-printed (HP) documents from data on non-hand-printed (NHP) documents and compiled error rates and statistics in each category. The main findings are: (1) whether or not the documents were hand-printed, the performance of FDEs was much better than that of laypersons; (2) statistical tests found no difference between the data provided by the FDEs in the HP and NHP categories; (3) statistical tests found no difference between the data provided by laypersons in the HP and NHP categories; and (4) statistical tests found differences between the data provided by the FDEs and the laypersons in both the HP and NHP categories. Similar results were obtained when hand-printed documents were compared to cursive documents and when cursive documents were compared to non-cursive documents. All the evidence indicates that in our proficiency test the performance of FDEs in writer identification was much better than the performance of laypersons in each one of the following document categories: (1) hand-printed; (2) non-hand-printed; (3) cursive; and (4) non-cursive.     

中国产品出口与美国制造业

本文针对近一个时期以来国外出现的中国大量对美出口产品是“人民币汇率过低”,进而“造成美国制造业下降、工人失业”的说法进行了分析和批驳。文章认为美国制造业下降主要是由美国经济发展的内部因素造成的;是产业结构调整的结果;中美贸易主要是按比较利益原则进行,对各方都是有利的;把美国经济出现的困境归咎于中国是在转移视线,美国应更多地从自身寻找原因,不要扣动保护主义扳机。否则,受伤害的将首先是其自己。     

对《女职工劳动保护规定》的修改建议

1988年的《女职工劳动保护规定》是符合当时历史条件的,但从目前现实情况看,其适用主体、原则、范围、具体内容、法律救济途径、法律责任等规定都需要重新审视,应当进行全面修改。     

Sex differences in suicidal ideation in a community sample from China

In a large sample of over 4,000 Chinese residents in the Wuling and Sino-Vietnamese border regions of China, females had a higher incidence of ever wishing that they were dead. This sex difference was found regardless of marital status, age, and occupation.     

1957年"清理干部不纯"运动及其教训

"清理干部不纯"运动源起福建闽东,发生于全国反右派斗争高潮迭起之际.随着当时国内政治形势的急剧变化,加上老区群众对干部队伍中出现官僚主义、专横粗暴工作作风的不满情绪的日益高涨,刺激了闽东领导层"左"倾情绪的滋长,导致了"清理干部不纯"运动的产生和扩大化的不幸后果.党的十一届三中全会以后,"清理干部不纯"扩大化的错误得到彻底纠正,认真回顾反思这段历史,仍具有极其重要的现实意义.     

Identifying sex chromosome abnormalities in forensic DNA testing using amelogenin and sex chromosome short tandem repeats

Forensic DNA laboratories worldwide have begun using multiplexed STR systems to decrease analysis time and increase sample throughput. The loci used in these systems are basically "nonsense" regions of human DNA. However, due to the chromosome on which some of these loci are located, various genetic abnormalities can sometimes be detected. This paper will show one such abnormality--Klinefelter's Syndrome--and the process used to show the possibility of this defect in two undiagnosed males using peak height ratios at the Amelogenin locus, and X-Y STRs.