The role of stretching in the process of fracture formation

The author analyses various kinds of bone deformations. The stretching development and its influence on fracture formation are described in the article. Morphological signs confirming presence of stretching as a destroy moment are represented.     

Forensic medical estimation of acute blood loss based on morphologic and functional changes in the internal organs

The objective of the present work was to obtain histological and morphometric characteristics of internal organs available for forensic medical examination from 236 corpses of subjects aged between 23 to 48 years whose death was caused by acute blood loss following a mechanical injury and concomitant alcohol or drug intoxication. Diagnostic signs of acute blood loss have been identified that can be used by forensic medical experts to estimate the length of the terminal period and reveal characteristic features of blood loss associated with alcohol and drug intoxication.     

On the state of the budgetary funding of government forensic medical expert institutions in the Russian Federation

The data on the budgetary funding of state-owned forensic medical bureaus in the Russian Federation for the period from 2005 to 2008 were collected and analysed. The results of the overall estimation and parameters characterizing the level of funding of these expert facilities are presented. Selected state forensic medical bureaus have been ranked based on the level of their financial support.     

The contribution of N.I. Pirogov to the development of forensic medicine (on the occasion of his 200th birthday anniversary)

The main facets of professor N.I. Pirogov's professional activity are outlined. Forensic medicine (in the first place its organizational and practical aspects) was an integral component of his scientific and clinical work, along with applied anatomy and surgery. Landmark publications of N.I. Pirogov are listed with special reference to those concerned with forensic medical expertise of medical malpractice cases, postmortem inspection and intravital examination procedures, wound ballistics studies, the atlas of forensic pathology, etc. The surgeon and anatomist N.I. Pirogov can be justly regarded as a founder of forensic medicine in this country.     

Forensic medical diagnostics of chronic narcotic intoxication based on the morphological findings

The objective of the present work was to develop the forensic medical criteria for chronic narcotic intoxication based on the results of morphological studies. The internal organs from 179 cadavers were available for the examination following death from acute poisoning with narcotic substances or as a result of chronic narcotic intoxication. The studies were carried out with the use of routine histological staining techniques and an immunohistological method. The data obtained provided a basis for the development of criteria to be employed in forensic medical diagnostics of acute poisoning with narcotic drugs and chronic narcotic intoxication. These criteria include ischemia of cerebral neurons, pulmonary emphysema with the formation of foreign body-type granulomas and fibrin/erythrocyte thrombi, morphological signs of ventricular fibrillation, the picture of bacterial endocarditis, follicular hyperplasia of the lymphoid organs, chronic portal hepatitis, and nodular degeneration of the adrenal cortex associated with its atrophy.     

Isolation, extractive concentration, and determination of caffeine in the studies of blood plasma

The optimal conditions for the isolation of caffeine from human blood by means of acetone extraction are described with special reference to the peculiarities of extraction from aqueous solutions. The possibility of concentration and purification of caffeine from blood plasma using acetone and aceton-chlorophorm mixture (2:8) as the solvents is illustrated. In addition, purification by silica-gel thin layer chromatography is discussed. Thin layer chromatography, UV-spectrophotometry, and high performance liquid chromatography are considered as potential methods for the identification and quantitative determination of caffeine.