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81.
The spread of viral hepatitis C and B and of HIV was studied among the intravenous drug consumers (IDC) on the basis of 42 forensic-medical autopsies. The enzyme immune-assay (EIA) of blood serum showed, in 95.2% of cases, antibodies to hepatitis C virus, antibodies to HbsAg and HIV were registered in 11.9% in both cases. The possibilities of using the autopsy-blood serum for EIA-diagnosis of viral hepatitis and HIV were demonstrated. Morphological examinations of IDC showed, in them, chronic hepatitis (CH) of minimal, weakly-pronounced and moderate activities. Viral CH in HIV infected IDCs is characterized by a minimal and small-pronounced activity of the process and it is not different, according to its activity, from viral CH in IDCs without HIV.  相似文献   
82.
Injuries observed in the facial skull area (FSA) in trauma made by hard blunt objects are registered within the forensic medical examinations of cadavers by far more rare than they are actually encountered in life. At the same time, a statement made to the effect that it was FSA that was affected in injuries of the cerebral skull area (CSA) is of an important forensic medical value. According to our research, the "strength beams" present in FSA and CSA are ovals and semi-ovals positioned above one another in 3 layers (top, medium and low ones). The anterior sections of all layers of FSA "strength beams" and of adjoining CSA regions, i.e. the squama of frontal bone (low one third of it) as well as anterior and middle cranial fossas, are a single deformative strength system. Specific features of each impact-zone region affect greatly a character of injuries in FSA at traumas in the medium facial third. Bones in the anterior and middle cranial fossas are damaged, apart from cranial injuries, in certain variations of impacts to FSA.  相似文献   
83.
Although, there is a steady growth in the total number of sexually transmitted infections (STI), the forensic medical method is a rare expertise type as applicable to venereal and HIV infections. Since sexually abused persons are an STI risk category, they must be diagnosed as soon as possible. A micro-trauma of sexual violence, if detected, is an important finding because it is an open entry gate for STI. The specialist in skin and venereal diseases must examine all victims and all suspected of raping or of sexual violence to rule out the possibility of venereal disease infection.  相似文献   
84.
Toxicological and forensic medical characteristics of capsaicinoids are presented. Capsaicinoids represent a mixture of three basic compounds with similar structure: capsaicine, dihydrocapsaicine, and nordihydrocapsaicine, all of which are the primary components of red pepper extract (Oleoresin Capsicum). The advantages of this group of irritants in comparison with synthetic irritants are discussed. Probable routes of administration of the extract with regard to its hazard for the organism are considered. Results of experimental studies on nonbiological phantoms and volunteers are presented.  相似文献   
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Using a mathematical method of experiment planning (Latin square), the authors suggest the optimal conditions for extraction of propifenasone and paracetamol, the basic components of caffeine and saridon tablets, from water solutions: extraction with ethylacetate (pH 2) for 5 min in the presence of an electrolyte (sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate) quantum satis. The possibility of extraction of caffeine and codeine under these conditions was tested. When extracting the components of caffeine and saridon tablets, paracetamol, propifenasone, and caffeine should be extracted with ethylacetate at pH 2 and codeine by chloroform at pH 10.  相似文献   
87.
Discusses modern requirements to coding of death causes in cases of craniocerebral injury in accordance with the 10th revision of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health-Related Problems (ICD-10). Offers the ways to fill in medical certificates of death with consideration for the items of ICD-10 and classification of craniocerebral injuries.  相似文献   
88.
Medical cards of 1,116 inpatient victims of surrogate alcohol poisoning and 242 cases of its fatal outcome associated with jaundice were available for analysis form Irkutsk Region and other regions of the Russian Federation in the second half of 2006 and early 2007. The study revealed differences in hepatic lesions depending on the chemical nature of toxicants. Mixtures containing guanidine derivatives caused highly specific irreversible disturbance of bile transport in hepatocytes and biliary capillaries in the absence of cholestasis at the level of biliary ducts. Changes in hepatocytes of different type and genesis appear to be due to other toxic components and may be of use for the establishment of causal relation between hepatic lesions and concrete toxic mixtures.  相似文献   
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