“双碳”目标下刑法生态化的立法完善

近年来,我国始终积极参与全球气候变化治理,展现大国担当。在“双碳”目标新时代,《刑法》以其自身的评价机能、引导作用及强大的威慑力,责无旁贷地成为保护气候变化的最后一道防线。近年来,《刑法》呈现出生态化的趋势,法益刑事保护提前、刑法规制对象的扩容或限制的减少、定罪量刑可操作性不断完善。但是《刑法》在应对气候变化、实现“双碳”目标上仍然需要完善,如：完善生态破坏犯罪立法、完善大气污染环境犯罪立法等。     

苏丹分裂的原因与南苏丹独立面临的问题

苏丹问题在非洲具有典型性：种族与民族矛盾交织;宗教与文化冲突汇合;资源争夺与地缘冲突并存。半个多世纪的独立未能解决苏丹的国家认同问题。苏丹分裂打破了非洲统一组织关于殖民遗留边界不可改变的原则,为打开中东与非洲民族和地区分离大门提供了范例。南北分治规定时间已到,双方分家争议问题仍未解决,阿卜耶伊归属问题前途未卜,留下定时炸弹。南苏丹自身面临许多棘手问题,建设新国家的道路还有许多变数。     

Response Mechanism of Constitutional Norm to Solution of Ethnic Problem in a Multi-ethnic Country

In the background of “the rule of law” and the modernization of national governance, the fundamental realities of a multi-ethnic country determine that the solution of ethnic problems depends on the “rule of law”. The response of the constitutional norm is the core of the rule of law. The constitutional norm response to the solution of ethnic problem must be based on the corresponding constitutional principles of the multi-ethnic country. They are specified according to the relevant constitutional principles with the structure of constitutional norms. Finally, a constitutional norms system for solving ethnic problems should conform to the national practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.     

西安市城市环形扩的隐忧

西安市三环路工程是建国以来西安市最大的城市基础设施项目,总投资62.5亿元,计划工期为2004—2007年。西安市三环路是一条重要的城市快速环路,它除了具有快速路系统枢纽的功能外,在西安市形态、发展战略、城市建设各方面都有特殊的作用,但是三环路的建设很可能会给西安市的发展带来严重问题:交通拥堵、环境污染、房价高涨。     

行刑社会化的国际现状与我国发展的历史趋势

开展社区矫正试点工作,是我国对罪犯实行刑罚执行社会化改革的试点之一,也是我国现行刑罚执行制度的一个重要补充。国外刑罚执行社会化主要以教育刑思想为核心,保持较高的假释适用比率,挖掘开放式监狱的过渡功能,推行开放式处遇,保持罪犯矫正的社会参与,适用非监禁刑。我国监狱刑罚执行的重要目的之一在于改造罪犯,贯彻具有我国特色的行刑社会化,是探索完善刑罚执行制度,提高教育改造质量的需要。同时,也是中国刑事司法改革的重要内容。     

The Rise of Linguistic Philosophy and Pragmatic Turn in Jurisprudence Research on Hart’s Jurisprudence Under Language Game

Linguistic turn from epistemology to linguistic philosophy constitutes the most important philosophy thinking foundation in 20th century western Jurisprudence. Under the background of this kind of theory current of thought H.L.A. Hart, the master of western Jurisprudence, succeeded in applying the theory of language game advocated by Wittgenstein into the research of Jurisprudence and caused the pragmatic turn of 20th century western Jurisprudence. Hart’s methodology is one of the most precious resources in Chinese Jurisprudence research, so our Jurisprudence research should learn and benefit from it.     

人民主权原则的规范逻辑与实践技艺——以卢梭的《社会契约论》为根据

卢梭关于人民主权原则的理论,由两个相关但又独立的方面构成。在规范性原则方面,他天才地构造了人民主权(经由普遍意志)与人权和法治相统一的逻辑结构。在实践技艺方面,他设计了大立法者、公民宗教及教育和风尚监察相互支持和补充的思路,试图以立法者消灭差异性、取代政治。实践政制的构建,应在坚持卢梭的人民主权原则的规范结构的前提下,修正立法者的思路,以人的交往性和差异性为基础,通过公议程序来推动意志的普遍化,落实人民的主权。     

浅谈医疗告知中存在的问题与对策

医疗告知是医疗过程中的一种法定义务,是判定医疗行为是否存在过失的一项重要标准。本文阐述了在医疗工作中履行医疗告知义务存在的问题,以及探讨解决这些问题的对策和方法。     

Rewriting the Legacy of Chiang Kai-shek on the Diaoyu Islands: Chiang's Ryukyu policies from the 1930s to the 1970s

The intensifying disputes between China and Japan over the Diaoyu Islands today have reminded both academia and the general public of the Ryukyu problem. Reportedly, during the Cairo Conference in 1943, Chiang Kai-shek let slip opportunities to recover the Ryukyus, which later resulted in Japanese control of the Diaoyu Islands. Until now, scholarship has maintained that Chiang narrowly missed regaining Okinawa at Cairo, which never again appeared on his agenda. However, a more nuanced historical account can be found in rarely accessed primary resources such as Chiang's diaries and presidential papers, which yield a different conclusion—that he was, in fact, committed to the Ryukyu issue throughout his political career. However, Chiang lost multiple opportunities to resolve the issue as a result of competition with his communist rival, the security dynamics of the Cold War, and his personality. Chiang eventually failed to stop America from returning the Ryukyus to Japan, which, thereafter, generated the Diaoyu Islands disputes and continues to serve as a primary source of nationalist friction today in Sino–Japanese relations.     

犬mtDNA高变区Ⅰ多态性及法医学意义初探

目的对犬毛发mtDNA高变区Ⅰ多态性进行检测,并探讨其在法医学中的应用价值。方法 54只家犬(拉布拉多犬7只、史宾格犬7只、德国牧羊犬6只、罗威纳犬4只、藏獒4只、昆明犬4只、杜伯文犬3只、金毛寻猎犬1只、昆明本地犬18只)。采用复合巢式PCR对54只家犬mtDAN HVRⅠ15803～16114区域进行测序分析。结果 54只家犬在mtDNA HVRⅠ15458～16100区域共检测到643个碱基对信息,共检出分属3大单倍群26个多态点;15个单倍型,频率在1.9%～20.4%之间,其中单倍型A11频率最高;个体识别概率为0.898,平均核苷酸差异和平均核苷酸多样度为7.62±3.61和0.011 9±0.006 3。结论采用本文方法,可检测犬mtDNA HVR-Ⅰ多态性,并可利用其较高的个体识别概率为相关案件侦察提供线索或依据。