当代恐怖主义的宗教根源

上世纪70年代以来,随着意识形态影响的衰落,宗教原教旨主义(极端主义)在世界恐怖主义的影响越来越大.在过去几年中,宗教型恐怖事件造成的人员死亡数甚至超过50%.从宗教型恐怖主义的发展趋势来看,其将继续是世界恐怖主义的主要根源,并有不断恶化的趋势.     

"9·11"后美国与欧盟的非洲政策比较

“9·11”之后,美国与欧盟对非洲有着基本共识,即非洲的失败国家将是美欧利益的重大潜在威胁,对此必须采取积极措施。基于这一共识,美国和欧盟都强化了在非洲的军事存在及对非援助。但美国和欧盟的非洲政策仍有着重大差异。美国的非洲政策直接服务于其全球反恐战略及维持和扩大美国在非的石油利益;欧盟则更强调对非洲问题的长期性解决办法。这体现了美欧在世界观和对国际关系认知等方面的根本差异。深刻了解美国与欧盟的非洲政策之异同,对于中国制定非洲政策及发展中非关系具有一定的启示。     

工伤保险赔偿请求权与普通人身损害赔偿请求权的关系

关于工伤保险赔偿请求权与普通人身损害赔偿请求权之相互关系,存在四种模式。以替代模式为原则并辅之以改良的选择模式是我国相关制度建设的正确思路,也是已有的法律规定和司法解释所隐含的主张。这样的制度安排既符合衡平保护的原则和效率原则,同时也在实质上有利于受害的劳动者。适用替代模式与改良的选择模式的关键,是提高工伤保险给付水平,使其与普通人身损害赔偿的赔偿水平相当。     

Newspaper juries

This article reports on a field experiment on the effect of media information on people’s attitudes towards the justice system. For the duration of a year a Dutch local newspaper took small groups of readers, called ‘newspaper jurors’, to court sessions of criminal cases and subsequently reported on their experiences and perceptions. Using a quasi-experimental design, we examined whether an attitude change in the general reader population of this particular local newspaper occurred as a result of the jury’s newspaper reports. Findings show that, after the treatment interval of 1 year, no attitude change in the general reader population could be identified that was absent in the control group.     

The evolution of European legal integration

This article contributes to the development of theories on European integration by testing and exploring statistical models on the long-term development of legislative activity of the European Commission. Drawing on legal information gained from the European Union’s PreLex database and analyzing it with the help of statistical analyses, we map out growth patterns of EU law between 1976 and 2003. We construct time-series models and models based on non-linear regression. While the performance of models based on the traditional theoretical approaches, intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism, is rather poor, the analysis suggests that nonlinear dynamic models might be an interesting avenue for future conceptualizations of the EU integration process. This article is based on a paper presented at the ECPR Standing Group on the European Union Second Pan-European Conference on EU Politics, “Implications of a Wider Europe: Politics, Institutions and Diversity”, 24–26 June 2004, Bologna, Italy. We would like to thank the seminar participants for useful comments.     

Making Sense of COMPSTAT: A Theory-Based Analysis of Organizational Change in Three Police Departments

COMPSTAT, the latest innovation in American policing, has been widely heralded as a management and technological system whose elements work together to transform police organizations radically. Skeptical observers suggest that COMPSTAT merely reinforces existing structures and practices. However, in trying to assess how much COMPSTAT has altered police organizations, research has failed to provide a broader theoretical basis for explaining how COMPSTAT operates and for understanding the implications of this reform. This article compares two different perspectives on organizations—technical/rational and institutional—to COMPSTAT's adoption and operation in three municipal police departments. Based on fieldwork, our analysis suggests that relative to technical considerations for changing each organization to improve its effectiveness, all three sites adopted COMPSTAT in response to strong institutional pressures to appear progressive and successful. Furthermore, institutional theory better explained the nature of the changes we observed under COMPSTAT than the technical/rational model. The greatest collective emphasis was on those COMPSTAT elements that were most likely to confer legitimacy, and on implementing them in ways that would minimize disruption to existing organizational routines. COMPSTAT was less successful when trying to provide a basis for rigorously assessing organizational performance, and when trying to change those structures and routines widely accepted as being "appropriate." We posit that it will take profound changes in the technical and institutional environments of American police agencies for police departments to restructure in the ways anticipated by a technically efficient COMPSTAT.     

商标“反向混淆”理论初探——以案例为视角

以"浙江蓝野酒业有限公司诉上海百事可乐饮料有限公司"一案为切入点,探讨商标反向混淆的基本理论问题.通过介绍国外反向混淆标志性案例,论证禁止反向混淆的正当性,指出反向混淆案件中认定侵权的特殊性,并提出立法建议.     

版权扩张对信息获取的影响及其反垄断法规制

版权和信息获取之间存在着固有的冲突。版权法在制度设计中通过对版权制度的宗旨、作品的独创要求、版权保护中思想与表达的分界、版权的权利限制等规定,力求在两者之间达到一种平衡。但是,当今数字技术环境带来的版权保护的强化和扩张趋势,使得这种平衡难以维持,并对原有版权制度提供的信息获取途径已构成了现实的威胁,于是,反垄断成为制止这种趋势的一个途径。但是,企图依靠反垄断法来纠正由于版权保护的扩张造成的信息获取的困难、实现版权法的立法宗旨也是不切实际的,而必须要立足于版权制度自身的完善。     

浅析建立有中国特色的惩治和预防腐败体系

中国腐败问题的产生有着深刻的历史和现实根源,这不仅在一定程度上决定了中国反腐斗争的长期性和艰巨性,也决定了建立具有中国特色的惩治和预防腐败体系的必然性。反腐体系的建立,一是要构建起“外部防线”,从源头上铲除腐败产生的条件和机会;二是要构建起“内部防线”,消除主体产生腐败的动机,提高主体防腐拒变的能力。